Anti‐adipogenic compounds isolated from fermented wheat grains

Abstract

Previously, we studied that fermentation improved anti‐adipogenic activity of wheat grains. The wheat grains fermented with microorganisms for over 40 days decreased body and adipose tissue weights in high‐fat diet induced rats. It also decreased fat accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. In this study, we isolated anti‐adipogenic compounds from the fermented wheat grains and evaluated the anti‐adipogenic activites. To do this, anti‐adipogenic compounds was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of the fermented wheat grains. Fourteen compounds were isolated by silica‐gel column chromatography, prep TLC, and TLC. Six out of 14 compounds were appeared to have strong anti‐adipogenic effects by measurement of leptin secretion level and OD value of Oil red O stained in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Two out of 6 compounds were identified to be 1,2,3‐propanetriol‐1‐acetate (K1: glycerol derivative) and 1,2,3‐propanetriol (K2: glycerol) on the basis of 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR analysis. K1 decreased leptin secretion by 30%, 45%, 50%, respectively, when it was treated at the concentrations of 10μg/ml, 50μg/ml, and 100μg/ml. K2 also decreased leptin secretion by 10%, 30%, 40%, respectively. K1 and K2 decreased mRNA expression of adipogenesis‐related genes including PPARγ, SREBP‐1c, FAS, and ACS by real time RT‐PCR. Taken together, 1,2,3‐propanetriol‐1‐acetate and glycerol isolated from fermented wheat grains decrease the fat accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis.