Abstract
There have been scarce data regarding the relationship between frailty and anthropometry measurements (AMs) in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLDs). We aimed to elucidate the influence of AMs on frailty in CLDs (median age = 66 years, 183 men and 192 women). AMs included arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, calf circumference (CC), waist circumference, and body mass index. Frailty assessment was done by using five phenotypes (body weight loss, exhaustion, decreased muscle strength, slow walking speed, and low physical activity). Robust (frailty point 0), prefrail (frailty point 1 or 2), and frailty (frailty point 3 or more) were observed in 63 (34.4%), 98 (53.6%), and 22 (12.0%) of males, respectively, and 63 (32.8%), 101 (52.6%), and 28 (14.6%) of females, respectively. In receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analyses for the presence of frailty, CC had the highest area under the ROC (AUC) both in male (AUC = 0.693, cutoff point = 33.7 cm) and female (AUC = 0.734, cutoff point = 33.4 cm) participants. In the multivariate analysis associated with frailty, for the male participants, only the presence of liver cirrhosis (p = 0.0433) was identified to be significant, while among the female participants, serum albumin (p = 0.0444) and CC (p = 0.0010) were identified to be significant. In conclusion, CC can be helpful for predicting frailty, especially in female CLD patients.
Highlights
Frailty is a concept globally used in geriatrics and is defined as a condition of increased vulnerability to endogenous and/or exogenous stressors associated with physiological decline, and it precedes disability in human life [1,2,3,4]
Frailty has been increasingly recognized in scientific medical reports, including in chronic liver diseases (CLDs) where it can be found in nearly half of patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) [5,6,7,8]
Using 5 phenotypes proposed by Fried et al (i.e., body weight (BW) loss without intention, exhaustion, muscle strength decline (grip strength (GS):
Summary
Frailty is a concept globally used in geriatrics and is defined as a condition of increased vulnerability to endogenous and/or exogenous stressors associated with physiological decline, and it precedes disability in human life [1,2,3,4]. This concept was put forward in order to pick up aged individuals with a high risk of adverse health-related consequences, falls, disabilities, dependencies, and mortality [1,2,3]. Frailty and sarcopenia can occur with different prevalence, with variable impacts on outcomes in patients on waiting lists for liver transplantation [14]
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