Abstract

This chapter briefly traces the history of anthropology, and how it has come to factor into Kant’s opus. Anthropology had been established as a separate discipline from the theological groundwork on the study of man. Kant’s particular approach is pragmatic anthropology—a study based on free human action, which is partly an answer to the physiological approach championed by Ernst Platner and others. Kant claimed that Platner’s science was not designed to improve the common life experiences of others. The former’s pragmatic anthropology, on the other hand, is centered on achieving unity via common experiences shared between people of various walks of life—a condition termed the “cosmopolitan conception of human nature.” Of course, the social progress this hopes to engender rests on what people ultimately choose to do.

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