Abstract
In this study, anther ontogeny and microsporogenesis were analysed in Helianthus annuus L. The undifferentiated anther is ovoid-shaped and the differentiation starts with the appearance of archesporial cells. Mature anthers are tetrasporangiate. The anther wall is composed of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and plasmodial tapetum. Endothecial cells show no fibrous thickening. Tapetum is amoeboid type with binucleate cells. Epidermal layer remains intact until anther dehiscence; however, middle layer, endothecium and tapetum disappear during development. At the end of regular meiotic division tetrahedral microspore tetrads are formed. Pollen grains are triporate, suboblate and angulaperturate.
Highlights
Helianthus annuus L. is a member of Asteraceae (Compositae), which is the largest family of flowering plants, with approximately 1,620 genera and more than 23,600 species (Anderberg et al, 2007)
Discussions In Asteraceae family, anther wall ontogeny has been studied in only a few genera (Li et al, 2009)
The anther wall development in the H. annuus L. is of the dicotyledonous type, as specified by Davis (1966)
Summary
Helianthus annuus L. is a member of Asteraceae (Compositae), which is the largest family of flowering plants, with approximately 1,620 genera and more than 23,600 species (Anderberg et al, 2007). The number of anther wall layers, tapetum type and number of tapetal nuclei are taxonomically important characters. The anther wall is formed by a specific number of cell layers, those originate in the earliest developmental stages (Garcia, 2002). Anther wall formation of H. annuus L. is dicotyledonous type (Davis, 1966).
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