Abstract
The energy of nodes is limited in mobile ad hoc networks(MANETs). In order to extend the network lifetime, how to select the best route is a critical issue for routing protocols in MANETs. In this work, we propose the ant colony-based energy control routing (ACECR) protocol to find an optimal route by using the positive feedback character of ant colony optimization (ACO). In our ACECR protocol, the routing choice depends on not only the number of hops between nodes and the node energy, but also the average and the minimum energy of the routes. The performance of our ACECR routing protocols is evaluated in different mobility models. In addition, we do extensive simulations to study the movement characteristics of different mobility models and their effect on routing protocols. Simulation results show that ACECR has a better performance in balanced energy consumption and a longer network lifetime compared with existing protocols.
Highlights
A MANET is self-organizing and of a dynamic topology, which enables wireless communication among mobile devices without relying on a fixed infrastructure
We evaluate the effect of existing mobility models on ant colony-based energy control routing protocols through simulations
Simulation results show that ant colony-based energy control routing (ACECR) has a better performance than existing routing protocols, such as AOMDV and EAAR, in the number of dead nodes and the packet loss rate, which means that ACECR can extend the network lifetime
Summary
A MANET is self-organizing and of a dynamic topology, which enables wireless communication among mobile devices without relying on a fixed infrastructure. Zhou et al EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking (2016) 2016:105 routing(EAAR) protocol is proposed in [6] It takes into account various factors such as the power consumed in transmitting a packet and the residual battery capacity of a node, so that they can increase the battery life of the nodes by reducing the repetitive use of a subset of nodes. An ant-based energy-efficient routing protocol (AEERP) is proposed in MANETs [7], where the route choice is dependent on the number of hops between nodes, and the energy consumed in transmitting packets and the residual energy of nodes. We evaluate the effect of existing mobility models on ant colony-based energy control routing protocols through simulations.
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