Abstract
• A water-filled cavity model simulates the mechanical response of a hydrogel. • The model predicts the temperature-dependent viscoelastic response accurately. • The polymer and water dominant behaviours result in an anomaly in elastic response. We investigate the anomalous stiffness evolution of a hydrogel with an increase in temperature and provide an insight into the underlying mechanism through a finite element model. The continuum model considers the interplay between the water-filled fluid cavity, the surrounding viscoelastic chitosan matrix, and the temperature. It is observed that in the low-temperature regime (30 °C to 70 °C), water cavity volume fractions play a dominant role, while at higher temperatures (70 °C to 200 °C), the polymer viscoelastic properties govern the macroscopic stiffness of the system.
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