Abstract
Anomaloglossus confusus, new species, is a small (21–26 mm SVL) riparian frog from the Pacific versant of the Andes in northwestern Ecuador. It inhabits rocky forest streams in an elevational range of about 600–1540 m. It is the only known Anomaloglossus in Ecuador, where it can be distinguished from all other dendrobatoids by the generic synapomorphy of a median lingual process. The only other named trans-Andean species of Anomaloglossus are the western Colombian A. atopoglossus and A. lacrimosus. Anomaloglossus confusus was previously confused with ‘‘Hylixalus’’ or ‘‘Colostethus’’ chocoensis (currently in Hyloxalus), a rare species described by Boulenger on the basis of a subadult female from Pacific lowland Colombia. The first adult specimen of Hyloxalus chocoensis, an adult male, is described. The generic name Hylixalus is not ‘‘an incorrect subsequent spelling’’ as recently interpreted, but an emendation with its own authorship and date of publication (Boulenger, 1882); as such, it is a junior objective synonym of Hyloxalus and is an available name.
Highlights
Boulenger (1912) described the frog Hyloxalus chocoensis based on a single subadult female from the Rio San Juan drainage in western Colombia
Due to lack of material trans-Andean species have not been included in quantitative phylogenetic analyses, but their placement in Anomaloglossus with the cis-Andean species is supported by the synapomorphic presence of the median lingual process (Grant et al, 2006)
The vocalization of A. atopoglossus is a frequency modulated series of high-pitched notes (Grant et al, 1997: 27-28, fig. 13); calls are unknown for A. confusus and A. lacrimosus
Summary
G.A. Boulenger (1912) described the frog Hyloxalus chocoensis based on a single subadult female from the Rio San Juan drainage in western Colombia. The species was assigned to several different genera over the years; it has been in Colostethus for the last several decades, but it recently was returned to Hyloxalus (Grant et al, 2006: 168). Despite the taxonomic shuf¬ fling, little is known about the species. Myers (1991) redescribed and illustrated the chocoensis holotype and extended the geo¬ graphic range north into Panama based on one specimen from that country. New material obtained in Panama by Roberto Ibanez and colleagues shows that the isthmian frog represents still another secretive dendrobatoid (unpublished data)
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