Annihilation of two-species reaction–diffusion processes on fractal scale-free networks

Abstract

In the reaction–diffusion process on random scale-free (SF) networks with the degree exponent γ, the particle density decays with time in a power law with an exponent α when initial densities of each species are the same. The exponent α is known as α>1 for 2<γ<3 and α=1 for γ⩾3. Here, we examine the reaction process on fractal SF networks, finding that α<1 even for 2<γ<3. This slowly decaying behavior originates from the segregation effect: fractal SF networks contain local hubs, which are repulsive to each other. Those hubs attract particles and accelerate the reaction, creating particle domains containing the same species of particles. Then, the reaction takes place at the non-hub boundaries between those domains, and the particle density decays slowly. Since many real SF networks are fractal, the segregation effect has to be taken into account in the reaction kinetics among heterogeneous particles.