ANÁLISE DA EFETIVIDADE DE MANEJO EM UNIDADE DE CONSERVAÇÃO COM MANGUEZAIS - ESTAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA DE MARACÁ-JIPIOCA

As Unidades de Conservação (UCs) possuem importância ecológica e econômica e, no Brasil, são divididas em duas categorias: as de proteção integral e as de uso sustentável. Dentro das UCs de proteção integral se encontram as Estações Ecológicas (ESEC), tipologia em que a visitação pública é proibida e que demanda um efetivo aparato de segurança para que a sua função ecológica seja alcançada. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a segurança da Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas (ESECAE). Para tanto, com base nas respostas de questionários aplicados pessoalmente à Polícia Militar Ambiental (PMA) da ESECAE, empregou-se a análise de regressão para identificar os determinantes que afetam as condições de trabalho da segurança na unidade. Além disso, foi avaliado o perfil da PMA da ESECAE por meio de estatística descritiva e investigadas as condições de trabalho na unidade pela análise de correspondência. Os determinantes para a segurança efetiva da unidade foram o tamanho do contingente seguido pela valorização dos policiais pela administração e, por último, a quantidade de equipamentos necessários para a realização do trabalho da PMA na unidade. Os resultados revelaram que o batalhão que protege a ESECAE é experiente e em quantidade suficiente e, exceto pela carência de alguns equipamentos básicos, em geral, as condições de trabalho na unidade são satisfatórias e a segurança é efetiva, garantindo as limitações de uso na área previstas em lei.

The aim of this paper is to study temporal variations in vegetation indices as a tool for monitoring the integral protection conservation units (parks, reserves, and ecological stations) in the Brazilian Pantanal, giving support to environmental management actions in these areas. The study was carried out in five conservation units. Evaluated data, beside the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), included information on wildfires and deforestation. Analyses showed that the Taiamã Ecological Station, the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park, and the Encontro das Águas State Park presented high vegetation indices, showing their effectiveness as areas of environmental protection. Although this latter state park presented one fire hotspot in 2015, there was significant improvement in this park. The Guirá State Park and the Pantanal of Rio Negro State Park presented relatively low NDVI values when compared with other analysed areas. The aggravating factor was that in the Rio Negro park 36 fire hotspots occurred in 2007, demonstrating the need for more vigorous monitoring and management of this protected area.

This research aims to describe the ichthyological fauna in the area surrounding the Taiamã Ecological Station in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Three expeditions were carried out, in September 2014, February 2015 and May/2015, in seasons ranging from the hydrological conditions of high waters (flood), low waters (drought), and decreasing waters (ebbing). During the research we sampled 3,664 individuals from six orders, 28 families and 78 species. Characiformes was the most abundant order (̴ 81 % of individuals), followed by Siluriformes (̴ 13 % of individuals), and Gymnotiformes (̴ 4 % of individuals). The most representative species were Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner, 1858), Serrapinus calliurus (Boulenger, 1900), Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner, 1882) and Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes, 1840). The dry period showed the highest abundance (1,541 individuals), richness (61 species), diversity (H’ = 2.69) and equitability (J’ = 0.65). These results fill a gap concerning species composition in the Pantanal, mainly referring to data available on Conservation Unit, and its surroundings. Moreover, this research provides a database to update the checklist of fish species in a remote wetland, offering a tool for management and conservation. Data published through GBIF (Doi: 10.15470/jjpuuu)

The largest feline in the Americas and the third largest in the world, the jaguar is an apex predator in the food chain and a key species in the ecosystems where it occurs, developing important ecological functions in maintaining ecosystem balance. In Brazil, the Pantanal is considered an important refuge for the species, and protected areas such as the Taiamã Ecological Station (TES) are relevant for conservation of pristine ecosystem where the species persist. Thus, considering that this area is located in one of the regions with the highest concentration of this large cat in the Pantanal, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the protection given by the TES for the jaguar population. The station is a flooded island in the middle of the Paraguay river and surrounded by extensive wetlands. We monitored ten jaguars using GPS collar at the TES and its surroundings. The samples were separated into high-water season (January to June) and low-water season (July to December), and the estimated home ranges were grouped as: 1) residents only and 2) all monitored individuals. The stabilization of the home ranges of eight jaguars, considered residents, was determined through variograms. When all jaguars were analysed together there was 55% overlap between the clustered areas of the two analysed seasons. In the analysis excluding non-resident individuals there was 72% overlap between the clustered areas. The type of land cover inside these areas was very similar between these periods. The range of this protected area is not sufficient to effectively protect these jaguar populations, since the grouped home ranges of the resident animals studied are 3.5(wet)/2.5(dry) times larger than the area of the TES. However, the surroundings of the TES have low human impact and no deforestation and, in this way, the landscape context of the station may have a significant effect on the persistence of a large carnivore like the jaguar. However, it is necessary to create more protected areas in order to prevent possible future environmental changes in the areas surrounding TES.

The Pantanal is one of the biomes that has suffered the most from burning, mainly due to its environmental characteristics. In view of this situation, this research sought to analyze the temporal space distribution of the sources of heat and recurrent fires in the Conservation Units Federal at the pantanal mato-grossense in the period 2016 to 2021 through Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR) and by the Forest Fires and Burns Program, made available by the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). Satellite images and analyzes of the NBR index were processed in a virtual platform (GEE) and a database was created, which were treated and generated two types of maps, the NBRs and the distribution of hotspots. The results showed that 2020 was the year with the highest occurrence of hotspots in the studied period, totaling 54,140 thousand hotspots inside of UCs. The UCs Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park, SESC-Pantanal Private Reserve of Natural Heritage Ecological Resort and the Taiamã Ecological Station, showed the highest area burned in the year 2021 throughout the study period. Compared to 2020, there was an increase in burned area in 2021 in the UCs, Taiamã Ecological Station, RPPN Reserve Jubran, RPPN Ecological Resort SESC-Pantanal, Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park. It has been shown that in UCs, RPPN Resort Farm Dorochê, RPPN Ecological Resort SESC-Pantanal, Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park the Low Severity, Low Moderate Severity and High Moderate Severity classes, which represent less dense vegetation, increased considerably from 2016 to 2021. The UCs that showed the highest burn were: RPPN Resort Farm Dorochê and Mato-grossense Pantanal National Park. The NBR in this study presented results that disagree with what actually happened in the UCs, showing that the period used in the study from July to October is not recommended, because the fires may not have occurred yet, however, it shows that for the following year when hot spots occurred, the NBR detects scars from the fires of the previous year.

In Brazil, Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests (SDTFs) are represented by Caatinga, which exhibits one of the greatest species richness and endemisms among the Neotropical SDTFs. However, studies of the flora of this biome remain deficient, especially in scientifically neglected areas, such as the Seridó region. Located between the states of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) and Paraíba, the Seridó region has an underestimated floristic diversity, especially for non-arboreal components such as climbers. Given this scenario, the study aimed to survey the climbers of the Seridó Ecological Station, a federal conservation unit located in the RN state, as well as to provide a multiple access online identification key. Collections were carried out from 2018 to 2019, as well as consultation of material deposited at the UFRN herbarium. In total, 56 species were listed, being 33 herbaceous and 23 woody climbers, respectively, adding 14 species of climbers to the previous checklist of the unit. Five new occurrences were found for the state of Rio Grande do Norte: Cuscuta globosa, Cuscuta partita (Convolvulaceae), Macroptilium bracteatum (Fabaceae), Heteropterys trichanthera and Tetrapterys longibracteata (Malpighiaceae), being the latest a new occurrence of the genus Tetrapterys for the state. Convolvulaceae is the most representative family (18 spp.), followed by Fabaceae (10 spp.), Apocynaceae (eight spp.) and Cucurbitaceae (five spp.). This is the first study that provides an interactive identification key for the Seridó region and for the RN state. The interactive identification key is published throughout the Xper³ platform, and can be accessed at <xper3.fr/xper3GeneratedFiles/publish/identification/-4505993480748774750/mkey.html>.

Floristic surveys are the basis of phytodiversity knowledge and when carried out in protected areas add value because they can generate incentives for conservation and subsidies for management plans. With the objective to contribute to flora knowledge in Piaui State, Brazil, a floristic study was developed in the riparian forest Uruçuí-Una Ecological Station. This station has a 135.122,29 ha area and is in Baixa Grande do Ribeiro municipality, Piauí, in Northeast of Brazil. The area is in Cerrado’s phytogeographical domain, with riparian forest along the river Uruçuí-Preto, which borders part of its area. The survey was conducted from samples collected of woody vascular plants in an area of approximately 4.5 ha on the left bank of Uruçuí-Preto River. The samples collected were properly herborized, taxonomically identified, and stored in herbaria Graziela Barroso (TEPB) and Delta do Parnaíba (HDELTA). The study resulted in 90 species, 71 genus, and 37 families. Except for Tilesia baccata species, Asteraceae naturalized, all species are native to Brazil, and 21.50% are also endemic in Brazil and 6.45% endemic in Cerrado. Most species, i.e 78.49% were not evaluated for the extinction risk, while 15.05% are classified in the Little Worrying category and only, Bowdichia virgilioides is in the condition of Near Threatened. This study contributes significantly to the scientific literature as it is the second floristic survey presented for this conservation unit since 1984, and the first study carried out in the riparian forest in this protected area of the Brazilian Cerrado.

Biodiversity is threatened by many human activities, and the creation of new Conservation Units (CUs) attempts to reduce this threat. However, this alone has not achieved the expected results. Partnerships are being established with local communities through research that includes the perceptions of these individuals. Environmental Perception has been used to understand and improve the people-environment relationship in these areas. The Caatinga Biome suffers threats and losses from anthropogenic action. Few of its areas are protected by CUs and further conservation efforts are needed. The Seridó Ecological Station (Seridó ESEC) is one of the few CUs in the Caatinga of Rio Grande do Norte State (NE Brazil). An Environmental Perception study was carried out in this area using Ethnozoology concepts to investigate the perceptions of the surrounding communities and use of local fauna. Ninety-two interviews were conducted in 4 communities with 514 statements obtained in 58 vernacular names. The animal most cited was the Rhea (bird) with 58 citations. Its main uses were medicinal or as human food. The rich local knowledge observed may be used in a partnership to correctly manage local resources in the Seridó ESEC.

Entre as diversas tipologias de áreas protegidas no Brasil estão as unidades de conservação, regidas pela Lei 9.985/2000, que instituiu o Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação da Natureza (SNUC). A representatividade de amostras de todos os ecossistemas e a exigência de um documento guia para o manejo dessas áreas estão previstos no SNUC. Este artigo constrói um panorama contemporâneo do status dos planos de manejo das unidades de conservação de proteção integral (UCPI) do estado de São Paulo (ESP) e quantifica as principais fitofisionomias que integram essas áreas. Foram consultados sítios governamentais e planos de manejo publicados. O ESP conta 963.885,64 ha em UCPI, ou 3,9% do seu território. Os parques estaduais respondem por 84% dessa cobertura. As Estações Ecológicas apresentam o maior percentual de UCPI com Planos de Manejo (74%). Do total protegido nas UCPI, a Mata Atlântica (MA) representa 98% e o Cerrado (Ce) 2%. As UCPI protegem 20,6% da MA remanescente e 3,2% do Ce do Estado. É urgente conservar mais áreas de Ce com a criação de novas UCPI, sob pena de não restar qualquer área a ser protegida.Palavras-chave: áreas protegidas, conservação, gestão, fitofisionomia, planejamento ambiental. The Conservation Units of the State of Sao Paulo – Management Plans and Representativeness. A b s t r a c tAmong the various types of protected areas in Brazil are conservation units, governed by the enactment of Law 9,985/2000, which established the National System of Nature Conservation Units (SNUC). The representativeness of samples from all ecosystems and the mandatory nature of a guiding document for the management of all these areas are provided for in the SNUC. This article aims to outline a contemporary overview of the status of management plans for strict protection conservation units (UCPI) in the state of São Paulo (ESP) and quantifies the main phytophysiognomies that make up these areas. ESP counts 963,855.65 ha in UCPI, or 3,9% of that territory. State parks account for 84% of this coverage. Ecological Stations have the highest percentage of UCPI with Management Plans (74%). From the total protected area in UCPI, the Atlantic Forest (MA) represents 98% and the Cerrado (Ce) 2%. The UCPI protect 20.6% of the remaining MA and 3.2% of the State Ce. It is urgent to conserve more areas of Ce with the creation of new UCPI, otherwise there would be no other area to be protected.Keywords: protected areas, conservation, management, phytophysiognomy, environmental management.

To improve the management and conservation of the Conservation Units is essential to carry out research that produces technical knowledge to support decision-making by the responsible organization and thus advanced protection mechanisms in these units. This research aimed to explore scientific productions and trends in Conservation Units of Brazil through scientometric analysis. For this, 2500 papers available on the Scielo platform and published between the years 1980 and 2022 were collected. The results showed that the most studied category was Parks, followed by Forest, Biological Reserve and Ecological Station. The most studied biome was the Atlantic Forest, followed by Cerrado and Amazon. The largest number of publications was recorded in 2017 and significant growth was observed after 2010. Despite the evolution in the number of publications observed in recent years, greater attention should be given to Conservation Units located in remote regions, with fewer research institutions.

O zoneamento ambiental em pantanais (Banhados) permitiu avaliar a deterioração ambiental dos ecossistemas existentes na Estação Ecológica do Taim (ESEC/TAIM) municípios de Rio Grande, RS, e Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS. Considerou-se dois tipos distintos de ecossistemas: o do Banhado (ECO1 = Ecossistema Límnico) e o da Planície Marítima (ECO2 = Ecossistema Planície Marítima). A ECO TOTAL (ECO1 + ECO2) apresentou 64% da classe APP (Área de Preservação Permanente), 27,6% de ACP (Área de Conservação Permanente), e 5,6% de AUO (Área de Uso e Ocupação), enquanto em menor porcentagem se encontra a classe AR (Área de Restauração) com 2,8%. A deterioração ambiental da ESEC/TAIM (ECO TOTAL) ficou em 13,65%. Com relação à análise fatorial, conclui-se que esta técnica permitiu conhecer a estrutura dos dados, mostrando as correlações entre cada variável (classes de exuberância) e seu respectivo fator; entretanto, não foi possível separar grupos ou quantificar a influência de uma ou mais variáveis sobre outra de interesse (variável resposta). Recomenda-se que o zoneamento ambiental seja elaborado pelos órgãos públicos ambientais, nas demais estações ecológicas e nas unidades de conservação.

Abstract: Aim This paper aims to concatenate and update the records of non-native species in a subtropical River, in Southern Brazil, warning about their possible impacts in this and other water bodies. Methods Monitoring was carried out in the Guaraguaçu River, the largest River of the Paraná coastal plain, located in the Atlantic Rainforest biome. Fishes were sampled in two periods: from 2002 to 2007 (monthly) and from 2016 to 2018 (semiannually), and the other organisms were collected in isolated samplings. Results The monitoring recorded the presence of six non-native species of animals in this River – four species of fish (Clarias gariepinus, Ictalurus punctatus, Oreochromis niloticus and Salminus brasiliensis), one invertebrate (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and one foraminifera (Ammoglobigerina globigeriniformis) introduced by escapes from aquaculture, sport fishing and ballast water. These introductions are problematic because they have the potential to impact upon the endangered native species in the River through predation, competition or novel diseases. Conclusions In Guaraguaçu River the increasing number of introductions is worrying because these species have in common a set of traits that turns them into potential invaders. It is of great importance to keep monitoring their populations in order to detect and minimize their negative impacts on native biota, once there is a conservation unit in the region (Guaraguaçu Ecological Station), with the aim to protect the environment in its pristine condition.

Normal 0 21 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Difficulties in the implementation of conservation programs assume the importance of research on environmental perceptions in assisting decision-making with regard to these programs. In this work, a comparative study was carried out of the interior knowledge , as points of view of an interactive group with a conservation unit (Jatai Ecological Station, Luiz Antonio, Sao Paulo), constituted by surrounding landowners and/or administrators, with the exterior knowledge , as a formal scientific approach. The perceived knowledge, through investigations of compartmentalization and of decisions regarding use and precautions relative to the Ecological Station and its surrounding, permitted characterization of the Station as a predominantly natural habitat in which vegetation and water are the most significant components and which requires measures for its preservation and for combating activities which place is structural and functional integrity at risk. The results of this study corroborate the necessity of an harmonious interaction between formal scientific knowledge and unconventional approaches based on the populations involved, in order to formulate management proposals for natural environments subject to human pressures.

O "Zoneamento Ambiental dos Banhados da Estação Ecológica do Taim" permitiu avaliar a deterioração ambiental dos ecossistemas existentes na Estação Ecológica do Taim (ESEC/TAIM), municípios de Rio Grande e Santa Vitória do Palmar (RS). Consideraram-se dois tipos distintos de ecossistemas: o do Banhado (ECO1 = Ecossistema Límnico) e o da Planície Marítima (ECO2 = Ecossistema Planície Marítima). A ECO TOTAL (ECO1 + ECO2) apresentou 64% de classe APP (Área de Preservação Permanente), 27,6% de ACP (Área de Conservação Permanente), 5,6% de AUO (Uso e Ocupação); em menor porcentagem encontrou-se a classe AR (Área de Restauração) com 2,8%. A deterioração ambiental média para o ECO1 foi de 10,32%, sendo menor que a ECO2 (23,94%). A deterioração ambiental da ESEC/TAIM (ECO) ficou em 13,65%. Com relação à análise de regressão para ECO1, concluiu-se que com 06 parâmetros ambientais se obteve a precisão de 95%, enquanto que, com 04 parâmetros ambientais obteve-se a mesma precisão para a ECO2. Com relação à análise fatorial concluiu-se que essa técnica permitiu conhecer a estrutura dos dados, mostrando as correlações entre cada variável (classes de exuberância) e seu respectivo fator, entretanto não foi possível separar grupos ou quantificar a influência de uma ou mais variáveis sobre outra de interesse (variável resposta), como por exemplo: quantos parâmetros são necessários para elaborar um zoneamento ambiental, sendo esta pergunta respondida pela análise de regressão. Recomenda-se que o zoneamento ambiental seja elaborado pelos órgãos públicos ambientais nas demais estações ecológicas e nas unidades de conservação.

An analysis of the problems of developing environmental education in Brazilian Federal protected areas