Abstract
How cells position their division plane is a critical component of cell division. Indeed, it defines whether the two daughter cells divide symmetrically (with equal volumes) or not, and as such is critical for cell differentiation and lineage specification across eukaryotes. However, oriented cell divisions are of special significance for organisms with cell walls, such as plants, because their cells are embedded and cannot relocate. Correctly positioning the division plane is therefore of prevailing importance in plants, as it controls not only the occurrence of asymmetric cell division, but also tissue morphogenesis and organ integrity. While cytokinesis is executed in radically different manners in animals and plants, they both rely on the dynamic interplay between the cytoskeleton and membrane trafficking to precisely deliver molecular components to the future site of cell division. Recent research has shown that strict regulation of the levels and distribution of anionic lipids, which are minor components of the cell membrane’s lipids, is required for successful cytokinesis in non-plant organisms. This review focused on the recent evidence pointing to whether such signaling lipids have roles in plant cell division.
Highlights
Oriented cell divisions are significant steps in plant morphogenesis because plant cells are embedded in cell walls and cannot relocate
While cytokinesis is executed in radically different manners in animals and plants, they both rely on the Anionic Lipid and Plant Cytokinesis dynamic interplay between the cytoskeleton and plasma membrane (PM) to precisely deliver the correct molecular components to the future site of cell division
Using a root-tracking system (Doumane et al, 2017), the PS biosensor mCIT-C2 domain of bovine lactadherin (C2LACT) was localized at the forming cell plate during cytokinesis (Figure 3) together with phosphatidic acid (PA) and Phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI4P), correlating with the acquisition of electrostatic identity by the cell plate (Platre et al, 2018b)
Summary
Oriented cell divisions are significant steps in plant morphogenesis because plant cells are embedded in cell walls and cannot relocate. The determination of the “polarity indices” in Arabidopsis root tip cells suggested that the localization of PIPs reporters do not differ between lateral and apical/basal sides of the cell compared with non-polar controls (Simon et al, 2016). Using a root-tracking system (Doumane et al, 2017), the PS biosensor mCIT-C2LACT was localized at the forming cell plate during cytokinesis (Figure 3) together with PA and PI4P, correlating with the acquisition of electrostatic identity by the cell plate (Platre et al, 2018b).
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