Abstract
Abstract. The application of animal models is an alternative approach to studying human diseases and developing new drugs without direct trials on humans due to ethical and technical restrictions. The animal model is a widely used approach to study human metabolic diseases since humans and animals share a high similarity of biological and physiological features. With the development of genetic engineering technology, its application has evolved to simulate human diseases in animals as human wills. This paper summarized the literature concerning animal models to provide an overview of the course of animal models application, the selection criteria of animal species and the limitations of their application. It can be concluded that animal models, at present, should mainly serve as a medical tool to provide clinical recommendations for the treatment of human diseases and new drug development as there are nonnegligible biological, financial and ethical problems associated with the application of animal models, for instance, different intolerance of chemicals, low input conversion efficiency, and animal welfare considerations.
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