Abstract
This chapter discusses anhydrides of pentitols and hexitols and discusses the chemistry of these substances. The anhydrides of pentitols can be made by heating them with a catalyst, followed by vacuum distillation. Crystalline mannitan is probably the first authentic monoanhydrohexitol. The anhydride is treated with lead tetraacetate and because its rate of oxidation coincided with that of ethyl D -galactofuranoside and one molecular proportion of formaldehyde was formed, it is concluded that the ring must involve C1 and C4 of a hexitol chain. Styracitol is one of the few naturally occurring anhydrohexitols. A liquid anhydride is obtained from dulcitol having the composition of a monoanhydrohexitol, but neither proof of its structure, nor crystalline derivatives have been recorded. Several anhydrohexitol derivatives were obtained when 1,6-dibenzoyl- D -mannitol with p -toluenesulfonic acid in acetylene tetrachloride were heated. The anhydrides of hexahydric alcohols have already achieved marked usefulness in chemical industry and many of their derivatives show definite promise of value in industry and in medicine.
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