Abstract
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is a vital technique, collecting data from both the energy and momentum of photoemitted electrons, and is indispensable for investigating the electronic band structure of solids. This article provides a review on ARPES studies of the electronic band structure of organic single crystals, including organic charge transfer conductors; organic semiconductors; and organo-metallic perovskites. In organic conductors and semiconductors, band dispersions are observed that are highly anisotropic. The Van der Waals crystal nature, the weak electron wavefunction overlap, as well as the strong electron-phonon coupling result in many organic crystals having indiscernible dispersion. In comparison, organo-metallic perovskite halides are characterized by strong s-p orbitals from the metal and halide at the top of the valence bands, with dispersions similar to those in inorganic materials.
Highlights
Electronic band structure is essential to explain many physical properties of solids, and serves as the foundation for understanding all solid-state devices
A fundamental question of organic crystals is how the electronic properties of the material will be determined by the molecular structure and the packing, which will have an effect on the transport characteristics in devices [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
While the electronic structures of the organic molecules are usually very sensitive to impurities and the morphology of the material, the properties derived from the device measurements can be influenced by the fabrication procedure and device structure
Summary
Electronic band structure is essential to explain many physical properties of solids, and serves as the foundation for understanding all solid-state devices. V 0 can be obtained using Equation (1) while the effective mass is taken to be that of the free electron one, as the photon energy is usually high enough to excite the photoelectrons to a high lying final state where the nearly free-electron parabolic dispersion is a good approximation It is typically done by measuring the ARPES normal to the surface as a function of the photon energy. Band dispersion has been observed, that provides important insights on the charge transfer properties of organic crystals, and is especially valuable for understanding devices typically fabricated in the form of thin films It became apparent, that as the ordered structure can only be gained for a monolayer or a few layers, the influence from the interface interaction may not be completely excluded. Another important ARPES application for imaging organic molecular orbitals instead of mapping the electronic band will not be included here [54]
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