Anemia is a mortality prognostic factor in patients initially hospitalized for acute heart failure.

Abstract

Anemia is a risk factor related to morbidityandmortality in patients withchronicheart failure (HF). Less is known about its influence in patients in an early stage of HF. Our aim is to investigate the prognostic role of anemia in patients initially hospitalized for acute HF. We reviewed allconsecutivepatients admittedwithin a 18-month period with a main diagnosis of acute HF. We collected demographic, clinical and treatment data. Anemia is defined as Hemoglobin<12/13g/dL upon admission in female/male patients, respectively. 719patients were included (55.5%female), witha mean age of78.7±9years. Anemiawas present in59.6% ofpatients upon admission, with a mean Hb of 10.4±1.4g/dL.Multivariate analysis confirms the relationship between the presence of anemia and older age,a previous diagnostic history of diabetes,and the presence of chronic kidney disease.In-hospital mortality is similar for anemic and non-anemic patients (6.8 vs 3.8%, p=n.s.) However, the difference is significant when one-year mortality is evaluated (31% in anemic patients vs19% in non-anemic patients, p<0.001).Cox regression analysis confirms the association between anemia and higher risk of one-year mortality, as well as with older age and a higher Charlson comorbidity index. Our study confirms that the presence of anemia is an independent factor for mid-term (1-year) mortality even in patients experiencing a first admission due to acute HF.