Abstract
Abstract This chapter discusses how genetic diversity is related to ethnicity and ancestry and how the concept of “race” is socially constructed and without a clear biological basis. It describes the pioneering work by Richard Lewontin demonstrating that the vast majority of genetic variation is between individuals in a population rather than between different populations. It discusses how some genetic variation, a small subset of the total, can be used to infer ancestry. These are the AIMS, ancestry informative markers, that are used in commercial ancestry and genealogy databases as well as in criminal investigations. It discusses the history of “scientific racism” and how contemporary genetics research has refuted this concept.
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