Abstract
Anatomical features, including localization of lignin in needles of different age, were studied in Scots pines growing in extreme growth conditions (deficit of water and nutrients in soil) on dunes in South-West Estonia. Analyses showed that the anatomy and level of lignification depend on the location of sampled trees (in the plain, on slopes, or at the top of the dune) and needle age. It was found that the average total cross-section area of needles of the trees growing on the dune decreases with age. Also the areas of xylem, sclerenchyma, and mesophyll are the largest in current- year needles. Needles of trees growing on the slope of a dune have the greatest proportion of sclerenchyma, xylem, and mesophyll in the total area of the cross-section. Their proportion is the smallest on the top of the dune. Lignification starts already in the current year and first in xylem. The structure of lignin changes over years being more compact in older needles.
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