Abstract
A strip-like wetland was constructed in the riparian zone for investigation of ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N) removal in the Peach River. An inner zeolite layer was set in the wetland to adsorb NH3-N and further to remove total nitrogen (TN). An oxygen-deficient condition with dissolved oxygen of 0.87–1.60 mg L−1 was observed in the zeolite layer, which benefits anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria survival. The community structure of anammox bacteria was analyzed in the zeolite layer. The analysis shows that the anammox bacterial sequences are grouped into three known distinct clusters: Candidatus Brocadia fulgida, Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans and Candidatus Jettenia asiatica. The intensified test driven by artificial pumping shows that average removal rates of NH3-N and TN are 41.6 mg m−3d−1 and 63.2 mg m−3d−1, respectively. The normal test driven by natural hydrodynamics also verifies that NH3-N removal mainly happens in the zeolite layer. Microbial mechanism of TN removal in the wetland involves both the autotrophic and heterotrophic process. These results suggest that the strip-like RW can be a cost-effective approach for NH3-N removal and can potentially be extended to similar rivers as no extra energy is required to maintain the wetland operation.
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