Abstract
The "Belt and Road" initiative (BRI) has built a bridge linking China with countries along the belt and road. BRI related issues are no longer an abstract debate, as many projects have been implementing or even have been completed in recent years. Pakistan, as a traditional friendly neighbor of China, has actively participated in the initiative, providing new opportunities for bilateral economic cooperation. With its China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), Pakistan plays a vital pivot. It becomes a lynchpin of BRI as CPEC connects important sea routes to western China, which is surrounded by land. This article, therefore, is an analysis of Pakistan’s role in the Chinese initiative, including geo-economic and geopolitical importance of Pakistan for China, and the importance of Gwadar port for China and projects of CPEC in Pakistan. Unlike current debates which usually conceptualized BRI in a hegemonic, mercantilism, or economic starcrafts context, this study finds the importance of geography and economic security concepts for both Pakistan and China as influential factors along with other factors.
Highlights
IntroductionThe global economic crisis will take companies to financial difficulties, both small and large companies
In Indonesia, MSMEs play an essential role in national economic development
The results of hypothesis testing indicate that there is a significant influence between Organizational creativity and entrepreneurial orientation towards entrepreneurial performance
Summary
The global economic crisis will take companies to financial difficulties, both small and large companies. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) experience more severe financial problems compared to large companies (Hanedar and Hanedar, 2016). In Indonesia, MSMEs face various issues relating to technology implementation and performance Budiarto et al (2018). MSMEs are business groups that can survive when the economic crisis strikes developing countries such as Indonesia (Dharmanegara et al, 2016). In Indonesia, MSMEs play an essential role in national economic development
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