Abstract
Analytical solution of folding behaviors of multi-layer viscous strata
Highlights
Folding often is been proposed as ductile deformation process of geologic structures
Biot (1961), Currie et al (1962), and Jeng and Huang (2008) revealed that the deformation behavior of a viscous single-layer buckling fold embedded in a viscous matrix (V-V combination) and an elastic single-layer buckling fold embedded in an elastic matrix (E-E combination) are both time independent based on a theoretical solution
It should be noted that when y/L approaches one, i.e., the distance to the fold equals one wavelength, the strain/ stress caused by folding approaches zero (Fig. 2)
Summary
Folding often is been proposed as ductile deformation process of geologic structures. Biot (1961), Currie et al (1962), and Jeng and Huang (2008) revealed that the deformation behavior of a viscous single-layer buckling fold embedded in a viscous matrix (V-V combination) and an elastic single-layer buckling fold embedded in an elastic matrix (E-E combination) are both time independent based on a theoretical solution. A perturbation is required to induce folding in a numerical analysis and some initial geometric configuration different from a perfect-straight layer was generally adopted for this purpose (Zhang et al 1996, 2000; Mancktelow 1999; Jeng et al 2002; Huang et al 2010). The adopted perturbation, the end-rotational method, involves the imposition of a boundary rotation with an angle, small in magnitude, at one end of the competent layer By employing this end-rotation, the shortened layer is applied a very small moment, which accounts for the subsequent buckle folding. 2D FEM-based numerical simulations are conducted in order to verify the validity of the theoretical solutions
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