Abstract
This paper presents analytical approach to modeling of a full planar and volumetric acquisition system with image reconstructions originated from partial illumination x-ray phase-contrast imaging at a human scale using graphics processor units. The model is based on x-ray tracing and wave optics methods to develop a numerical framework for predicting the performance of a preclinical phase-contrast imaging system of a human-scaled phantom. In this study, experimental images of simple numerical phantoms and high resolution anthropomorphic phantoms of head and thorax based on non-uniform rational b-spline shapes (NURBS) prove the correctness of the model. Presented results can be used to simulate the performance of partial illumination x-ray phase-contrast imaging system on various preclinical applications.
Highlights
Conventional medical x-ray imaging system is based on the changes in linear attenuation coefficients between tissues that produce differences in photon fluence incident upon the detector [1]
The anode heel effect and off-axis x-ray spectra were assessed for different anode angles, but these details are not within the scope of this paper
In this paper we present a wide range of results obtained from imaging of the objects characterized by different properties with simple structure, complex pseudo-organic systems and even high complexity approximations of the human body using head and thorax numerical phantoms
Summary
Conventional medical x-ray imaging system is based on the changes in linear attenuation coefficients between tissues that produce differences in photon fluence incident upon the detector [1]. These differences between soft and bone tissue are significant, but are small among the different types of soft tissue, which results in low contrast (or signal-to-noise ratio). Recent developments in imaging techniques provide the potential to reduce the dose with simultaneous improvements in signal-to-noise ratio One of these methods is a phase-contrast imaging, which enables the detection of differences in the refractive index, especially for tissues with low absorption [4,5]. Inner features of the examined objects have been observed successfully using Bonse-Hart geometry or diffraction enhanced imaging (DEI), which offers the possibility to distinguish structures through diffraction from perfect crystals (“analyzer based” imaging) [6,7] or free space propagation [8,9]
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