Abstract
New devices were developed to increase the extraction of amber, especially with the size less than 5 mm, which can not be extracted at the present time. They are made on the basis of a hydraulic spiral classifier using vibration and bubbling with air bubbles. Analytical formulas are needed to calculate such devices, in first, for free motion of particles, then the constrained motion, and then to determine the effect of vibration and bubbling on the speed. This article discussed the first part of the problem – hydrodynamics of free movement of amber and quartz particles in a mixture of amber sand-clay rocks with water. The technique and formulas of calculation of kinematic viscosity and speed of movement are given. The dependences of the kinematic viscosity and the speed of free deposition of quartz and free ascent of amber on the density of the suspension for particles size less than 5 mm are obtained. The non-linear character of the dependence of the speed of ascent of amber from the density of the suspension is set. The results obtained are the basis for the calculation constructional parameters and technological characteristics of the hydraulic classifiers of new construction.
Highlights
Extraction of amber in the fields of Ukrainian Polissia is mainly carried out by we hydraulic method [1, 2]
The Physical state of the pulp in the classifier does not reveal the presence of a structure, in which the particles are oriented relative to each other in a certain way. This means that this system “liquid – solid“ is a poly-disperse, not structured Newtonian fluid, and for this system we can use Newtonian fluids formulas of viscosity
Vakhrushev and Wend formulas in the form of a power polynomial in β – are valid if concentration of solid is less than 25 %
Summary
Extraction of amber in the fields of Ukrainian Polissia is mainly carried out by we hydraulic method [1, 2]. Up to 50 %, extraction of amber, and destructive impact on the ecosystem This one, as well as other known technologies, do not provide the extraction of small fractions of amber with a size less than 5 mm. Poljakov of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine together with the National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use (Rivne) [1,2,3,4]. They provide the layer-by-layer excavation of amber-bearing rocks and subsequent extraction of amber using mechanical and hydraulic classification. The principle of separation is based on different deposition rate of particles of quartz and emerging of amber in the separation zone, which is limited by the surface (mirror) of the pulp in the classifier bath (Fig. 1)
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