Abstract
Analysis of structural factor influence on local internal stresses and zones of deformation localization in upper and lower bainite structures in welded joints of low-alloy steel at wet underwater welding was performed. It is established that when welding joints under the water and applying an external electromagnetic field in the metal of the heat-affected zone (HAZ), a finer-grained substructure is formed with a general decrease in the dislocations density and with their uniform distribution. Estimates of the local internal stresses level considering the dislocation density distribution in the structural zones of their localization show that their maximum level is formed in the metal of the HAZ overheating region at welding without the external electromagnetic field along the upper bainite laths boundaries. The upper bainite structure is characterized by forming localized deformation zones, where the most significant dislocation density gradients are observed. This can lower the crack resistance of welded joints. Low values of local internal stresses are characteristic of welded joints obtained in the modes applying an external electromagnetic field. This is facilitated by the overall decrease in the dislocation density and their uniform distribution in the lower bainite structural components, which provides high crack resistance of welded joints.
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