Analysis results of in situ water and sediment quality of Újpest backwater

Increasing population growth, economic and industrial development will lead to the utilization of natural resources effected on water pollution. One of those activities related to natural resource utilization is gold mining. Mining activities cannot be separated from the use of chemicals that are harmful to living things; for example, it is mercury. This study aims to determine levels of mercury (Hg) that accumulate in water and sediments. The tools used in this research are QGIS 2.18.27 software and Global Positioning System. The material used is water and sediment samples. Water and sediment samples were analyzed at the Industrial Standardization Research Institute Laboratory to obtain several potential parameters such as hydrogen (pH), mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), and Copper (Cu). These potential parameters are further analyzed using the Pollution Index (PI) method and Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs). The results demonstrated that the water quality in downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed in for 2019 using the Pollution Index (PI) method for the drinking water (Class I) with the value is 6.2036. It is classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria and for the agricultural water (Class IV) with the value is 6.0796, classified as moderately polluted water quality criteria. The quality of sediments in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed using the sediment quality guidelines method with the value is 0.2343 is classified as an adverse effect for the biota of heavy metals on medium value. This shows that neither the water quality nor the sediment in the downstream of Krueng Kluet sub-watershed does not accord with the water and sediment quality standards. Pollution Index can assess the quality of water bodies and becomes a consideration in taking actions to improve water quality. At the same time, SQGs show chemical concentrations that have biological effects on aquatic biodata.

The research was carried out to determine the extent of surface water and sediment pollution using the physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations. The surface water and sediment samples were obtained from 25 sites along the river on March 22 and September 5, 2019 at the main river influenced by the complex tidal regime and aquaculture practices in Ca Mau peninsular in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The water quality was compared with international and national standards, while the sediment quality was compared with Vietnamese standards and pollution indices (geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and pollution load index). Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to explain the main factors responsible for the observed levels of water pollution. The dependence of water quality parameters and variations in water quality due to tidal regimes and seasonality were also evaluated by statistical comparisons. Based on the logistic regression models, the temporal variability of selected water quality parameters was visualized using QGIS. The Delft 3D model was used to evaluate changes in hydraulic characteristics based on actual fieldwork. The concentrations of nutrients and organic compounds exceeded 2-3 times greater than the standard for surface water quality. The contents of heavy metals were below the standard for sediment quality and consistent with the background levels. The influence of the tidal regime and seasonality caused significant changes in water quality and its association with various flow regimes (P<0.05). Three components based on the PCA accounted for approx. 79.84% of the total variance in water quality characteristics of which the first, second, third component explained for 53.64%, 18.43%, and 7.77% of total variance related to physicochemical properties and organic matter pollution, suspended solids and nutrients, and DO consumption, respectively. Water quality maps indicated pollution hotspots, and the extensive and improved – extensive shrimp culture practices were identified in connection to the changes in water quality. Changes in the river's hydraulic characteristics were influenced remarkably by the tidal regime as well as geomorphological changes. The results of the research addressed the gaps from the previous studies were to identify degradation of surface water quality was associated primarily with extensive and improved extensive shrimp culture. Seasonal factors and tidal regimes influenced significantly changes in water quality parameters. Pollution sources were specified by the principal component analysis. Spatiotemporal distribution maps of selected water quality parameters highlighted pollution hotspot. Changes in the river hydraulic characteristics were caused mainly by the tidal regimes as well as geomorphological changes. The selected water quality parameters responded as well as depended diversely to various flow regimes. The results could be useful not only to local policymakers in developing water management strategies but also to other rivers beyond the geographical regions.
 
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Mining activities in many countries around the world pose serious pressure on surrounding water bodies. This study assesses the environmental impact of Murgul mine, one of the longest operated open-pit copper mines in Turkey. A long-term monitoring study was conducted on the surrounding surface water bodies to assess the degree of deterioration/recovery in water quality. Stream water, sediment and mine discharge samples were collected along the flow direction from the drainages under the influence of the mine. Sampling was also performed on the upgradient drainages from the mine to determine the background conditions. Water samples collected were analyzed for major ion and metal contents. pH, temperature, EC and DO contents of the water samples were measured in situ. Dissolved and total metal contents of the stream water samples and the mine discharges were also analyzed to determine the dominant transport phase of the metals. Negative effects of the past mining activities on Murgul stream are visible on the streamside with the thick flotation deposits. During monitoring study, the most severe effect of the mining activities on Murgul stream was observed following the leakage of tailing dam. The impact of this incident was observed intensely up to the confluence of Murgul stream and Borcka Dam reservoir, and this was clearly seen in change of pH, EC, sulfate, metal contents and water facies of Murgul stream along flow direction toward Borcka Dam. Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd exhibited the highest concentration in the dissolved phase of the stream samples. The impact of discharges from mine on Murgul streambed was enormous, and Murgul stream was classified as heavily polluted water (class IV) according to Turkish inland water quality regulations. Significant increase was also observed in metal contents of the stream sediments taken from the downstream from mine, especially for Cu, S, Zn, As, Ba and Mo. Following the control of leakage, prominent recovery in Murgul stream quality was observed in many parameters and stream water achieved class I–II water quality. Results showed that metal loads transported in the suspended phase of stream were more significant than those in the dissolved phase. Current and past flotation slurry deposits near Borcka Dam reservoir may pose long-term risk for aquatic life in Borcka Dam as a result of metal leaching and need further investigation.

There is need for the investigation into heavy metals and microbial loads in edible aquatic organisms, to evaluate their safety and compliance with standards approved by international regulatory bodies’ which regulates food and water quality. The heavy metals and total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) concentrations in catfish, surface water bodies and sediments collected from the wetlands of Isoko region of Delta State, Nigeria were determined in accordance to standard approved methods. The laboratory results revealed that the lead, cadmium, zinc and THB concentrations in the fish body parts (gills and muscle) sampled were lower, compared with those obtained from sediments samples. The lead concentration was 1.13 mg/kg and 28.01 mg/kg for the water and sediment samples respectively. Cadmium concentration of 0.19 mg/kg and 1.64 mg/kg was recorded for the water and sediment samples respectively. Then the zinc concentration was 0.39 mg/kg in the water sample and 87.17 mg/kg in the sediment samples. In terms of the fish body parts, the results revealed that the zinc, lead, cadmium and THB concentrations in the fish gills were higher, compared to the values recorded in the fish muscle. It was observed that the cadmium concentration in the fish gills and muscle was higher than the maximum allowable limit of 0.17 mg/kg approved by the FAO; while the lead and zinc concentrations in the fish gills and muscle were lower than the maximum allowable limit of 0.5 mg/kg and 67.1 mg/kg respectively, approved by the FAO for edible fish. Finding from this study will be helpful in taking appropriate measures to prevent bioaccumulation of toxic heavy metals and microbes in aquatic organisms, to levels above the maximum allowable limits approved by FAO or other regulatory bodies.

Anthropogenic pressures are increasingly degrading protected freshwater ecosystems, particularly eutrophic systems affected by sediment accumulation. Although Effective Microorganisms (EM) have been proposed as an eco-friendly bioremediation approach, field-based evidence from protected freshwater systems under real management constraints remains limited. This study evaluated the effectiveness of EM-based treatment in improving microbiological and physicochemical water and sediment quality in Ponjavica Nature Park (Serbia), a protected eutrophic wetland exposed to long-term anthropogenic pressures. Water and sediment samples were collected before and after EM application to assess changes in key microbiological indicators and organic pollution parameters. The results showed measurable improvements in water quality following EM treatment. Total coliform counts decreased by up to 50% (5,860–6,440 MPN/100 mL), faecal coliforms ( Escherichia coli ) fell below detection limits (<100 MPN/100 mL), intestinal enterococci decreased to < 40 MPN/100 mL, and aerobic heterotrophic bacteria declined slightly. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) remained consistently below 3.0 mg O 2 /L, indicating effective microbial degradation of organic matter, while chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranged from 66.9 to 98.9 mg O 2 /L, with localised increases associated with sediment disturbance. Overall, water quality classification improved at several monitoring sites according to national standards. Rather than proposing EM as a substitute for conventional remediation technologies, this study demonstrates its potential to provide environmentally acceptable short-term improvements in water quality in protected freshwater systems where financial, technical, and ecological constraints limit engineering interventions. The applied approach offers a transferable framework for similar eutrophic and sediment-impacted aquatic environments.

The Mpumalanga Lakes District consists of approximately 320 pans, of which less than 3% are classified as reed pans. There is limited information available on reed pans and as a result they are at risk of various anthropogenic activities, for example mining and agriculture. Four reed pans were selected and assessed to determine seasonal trends of a variety of water and sediment quality parameters. The study took place over one seasonal cycle from 2008&#8211;2009; samples were collected seasonally to account for various hydrological extremes. Water samples were collected and their nutrient and chlorophyll a concentrations were determined, while various other water quality parameters were measured in situ. Sediment samples were analysed for physical and chemical properties, namely, grain size and organic carbon content. The seasonal changes in concentrations of As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, U and Zn were also analysed within the surface water and sediment. Increased nutrient concentrations within the water were evident during spring and summer at some of the sites, which influenced other water quality variables, e.g., dissolved oxygen and pH. Seasonal trends in metal concentrations were influenced by the prevailing environmental conditions (e.g., rainfall) experienced at the selected sites as well as physical and chemical properties (e.g., grain size and organic carbon content). This study showed distinct seasonal variability of water and sediment quality parameters in endorheic reed pans on the Mpumalanga Highveld. There is a need for further studies on all of the different types of pans in terms of their water and sediment quality. This type of information will allow for a sound and defensible scientific basis for the assessment of likely impacts (e.g., eutrophication), the evaluation of the significance of these impacts, and the design of remedial and preventative measures.

The wetlands, with their delicate ecosystems, play a crucial role in regulating water regimes and supporting diverse plant and animal communities, particularly those associated with water habitats. Mogan Lake, located within the Gölbaşı Special Environmental Protection Area, stands out as a unique habitat, hosting over 200 bird species. This study aimed to assess the current water quality of Mogan Lake by analysing various water quality variables. Three sampling sites, representing the northern, middle, and southern parts of the lake, were selected to examine both surface water and bottom sludge characteristics through the analysis of 29 pollutant variables. Water samples were collected from 30 cm beneath the water surface and 50 cm above the bottom of the lake. Sediment samples were collected from the sludge at the lake basin. Additionally, to understand their impact on the lake’s water quality, 26 pollutants were also measured in water samples taken from the five main streams that feed the lake. The results reveal a significant level of organic pollution in the lake, along with elevated nitrogen levels indicating hypertrophic conditions. Although organic pollutants were detected in the lake bottom sediment through analysis, they are considered non-hazardous in terms of heavy metals and other inorganic variables.

Agricultural recovery basins are an important conservation practice designed to provide temporary storage of sediment and water on farms before low-volume discharge. However, food safety concerns have been raised regarding redistribution of captured sediment and water to fields used for human food production. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential microbiological risk that recovery basins may contribute to nearby produce fields and to evaluate characteristics that may influence or mitigate those risks. Water and sediment samples were collected from participating farms in three states and evaluated for bacterial indicators and pathogens over several months. Overall, 45% ( = 48) of water samples and less than 15% ( = 13) of sediment samples were positive for spp. In water samples, the occurrence of was positively associated with the use of surface water as a source of irrigation compared with groundwater as well as log-scale increases in concentration. In sediment samples, was associated with basin location (region) and basin fill levels. Sediment exposed to drying during dewatering had lower concentrations of indicator and a lower proportion of positives than submerged sediment from the same pond. Surrounding landscape characteristics, including vegetative coverage, proximity to livestock operations, and evidence of wildlife, were not correlated with pathogen occurrence in either sediment or water samples, suggesting that although habitat surrounding ponds may be an attractant to wildlife, those features may not contribute to increased pathogen occurrence in agricultural recovery basins.

The aim of this study was to investigate the water and sediment quality in the mid-Black Sea coast of Turkey. The samples were collected from six stations during 2007. Investigated parameters were total carbon (TC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N), total phosphorus (TP), sulphate, total hardness, methylene blue active substances (MBAS), phenol, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in water samples and TC, TIC, TOC, TP, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh) and water content (WC) in sediment samples. Different multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate variations in surface water and sediment quality. Principal component analysis helped in identifying the factors or sources responsible for water and sediment quality variations. Five factors were found responsible for 87.63% of the total variance in the surface waters. In sediments, three factors explained 84.73% of the observed total variance. Cluster analysis classified the monitoring sites into two groups based on similarities of water and sediment quality characteristics.

Emet Stream is one of the most important branches of Uluabat Lake (Ramsar area) and also one of Turkey’s most important river systems. In addition to the geologic structure of the basin, Harmancik Chromium Mines are one of the most important inorganic pollution sources for the basin and also for Uluabat Lake. In the present study, water, sediment and fish (Squalius cii, Capoeta tinca and Barbus oligolepis) samples were collected seasonally from eight stations (one of them was on the Kinik Stream where the Harmancik Chromium Mines is located on and one of them was on the Dursunbey Stream) on the Emet Stream Basin. Some limnological parameters (pH, conductivity and total hardness) in water and Cr, Ca, Mg, Ni and Mn levels in biotic (muscle, gill, liver and kidney tissues of fishes) and abiotic (water and sediment) components of basin were determined to evaluate the effects of Harmancik Chromium Mines on the system. Cluster Analysis, Factor Analysis, Pearson Correlation Index, One Way Anova Tests, Scatter dot Comparing and Matrix plot Distribution Diagrams were applied to the results in order to estimate the data properly. Water samples were evaluated according to the water quality criteria for Turkey and sediment samples were evaluated according to the sediment quality criteria. According to data obtained, statistically significance differences were identified between Kinik and Emet Streams according to Cr and Ni accumulations in water and sediment. Chromium levels of Kinik Stream were extremely higher an average of 153 times for water and 10 times for sediment than uncontaminated stations. Water and sediment quality of Emet Stream were decreasing after falling the Kinik Stream and increasing after falling the Dursunbey Stream. It was also determined that, the amount of chromium in muscle tissues of three fish species were much higher than the limit value of 0.15 mg kg−1 that FAO identified.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the quality of water and sediment of urban streams (Lajeado, Preto, Pedras and Lewis-Pedroso) located in Santa Cruz do Sul County, RS, Brazil, using the microcrustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia as test-organism. METHODS: Quarterly scientific excursions to the streams were held on August and November 2011, February and May of 2012 in order to collect water and sediment samples, in the upper reaches (P1, P3, P5, P7) and lower reaches (P2, P4, P6, P8), totalizing 8 points. To evaluate the toxicity (acute and chronic), the microcrustacean C. dubia was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results indicated high toxicity levels detected in samples P2, P6 and P8 (lower reaches), as they caused the mortality of 100% of organisms in the water samples (P6 and P8) and sediment samples (P2 and P8), denoting acute effect. Yet, all upstream sites showed chronic effects in sediment samples, at least for one collection period, with the highest significant toxicity level among all samples (55.2%), which indicates the presence of contamination even in upper areas. These results indicated a strong degradation of the water and sediment quality of urban streams coming from the wastewater and industrial discharges of the urban area, which can cause damage to the biota as well as the public health, due to the multiples uses of water that the local population does, highlighting many of them as inappropriate to the water quality detected, such as the primary contact recreation (balneability).

Conversion of forested lands to agriculture or urban/residential areas has been associated with declines in stream and lake water quality. Less attention has been paid to the effects of adjacent land-uses on wetland sediment and water quality and, perhaps more importantly, the spatial scales at which these effects occur. Here we address these issues by examining variation in water and sediment nutrient levels in 73 southeastern Ontario, Canada, wetlands. We modeled the relationship between water and sediment nutrient concentrations and various measures of adjacent land-use such as forest cover and road density, measured over increasing distances from the wetland edge. We found that water nitrogen and phosphorous levels were negatively correlated with forest cover at 2250 meters from the wetland edge, while sediment phosphorous levels were negatively correlated with wetland size and forest cover at 4000 meters and positively correlated with the proportion of land within 4000 meters that is itself wetland. These results suggest that the effects of adjacent land-use on wetland sediment and water quality can extend over comparatively large distances. As such, effective wetland conservation will not be achieved merely through the creation of narrow buffer zones between wetlands and more intensive land-uses. Rather, sustaining high wetland water quality will require maintaining a heterogeneous regional landscape containing relatively large areas of natural forest and wetlands.

Fundão dam (Minas Gerais, Brazil) breached on 5 November 2015, releasing 50 million m³ of Fe ore tailings and dam materials into the upper Doce River system. The tailings travelled 670 km along the river system to the ocean. Starting on 17 November 2015, 6 days before the tailings reached the Doce River mouth, a water quality monitoring program with a daily sampling schedule was implemented by Samarco Mineração S.A. (Samarco) to assess the impacts on marine water and sediment quality. Between November 2015 and August 2017 water and sediment quality were monitored at 28 locations offshore from the Doce River mouth. The sampling areas were grouped by hydrological and metocean season (i.e., rainy and dry seasons and wave and wind climates), distance from the river mouth (<5 km, >5 km and within a Marine Protected Area), and water depth. The data were compared to the Brazilian water quality standards and prebreach conditions. Statistical tests were conducted to evaluate temporal and spatial trends and patterns. For the water quality parameters of relevance (total suspended solids, turbidity, total and dissolved Fe, Al, and Mn), pulses of concentration increases were observed right after the arrival of the plume in the coastal zone and during the subsequent rainy seasons. Exceedances of prebreach conditions were more frequent closer to the Doce River mouth. During the dry season, concentrations tended to decrease, reaching prebreach levels for a number of parameters, with small short-term pulses associated with metocean factors. For sediment quality parameters of relevance (particle size, Fe, Al, and Mn), Fe was the only one that clearly resulted from the dam breach, which was mediated by river influence and oceanographic factors affecting particle size distribution. Results indicated that the Fundão dam failure did affect water and sediment quality in the Atlantic Ocean, with greater impacts closer to the river mouth and immediately after the arrival of the tailings plume, with concentrations gradually returning to preevent levels over time. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2020;16:643-654. © 2020 SETAC.

Microbiological and physicochemical characterization of water and sediment of an urban river: N’Djili River, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

The Nile Delta is a dynamic ecosystem; its coastal area receives water from the two estuaries of the Nile River (Rosetta and Damietta), the outlets of the coastal lakes (Mariout, El-Manzala, El-Burullus, and Edku), and the drains. Water quality is a complex term that can indicate the state of the water compared to standard criteria for use in specific purposes. It contains many physical, chemical, and biological factors, but the critical water quality factors are water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen (ammonia/nitrate/nitrite), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), alkalinity, salinity and electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, and turbidity. Estuaries are a mix between freshwater and marine water. Water and sediment quality were discussed for Rosetta and Damietta estuaries. Water quality of the Nile Delta coastal lakes is discussed for the four important lakes (Mariout, El-Manzala, El-Burullus, and Edku). Pollution, climate change, human activities, and fish farms are discussed as factors affecting water quality deterioration in the Nile River estuaries. The water quality index was introduced as single value representing water quality parameters. The spatial and temporal variations are presented in the Nile Delta estuaries. The pollution evaluation index is also discussed. Water management and environmental laws are briefly presented.