Analysis on energy intensive industries under Taiwan's climate change policy

The arrival of the “double carbon” era indicates that industrial carbon reduction with high energy consumption and high carbon emission is imperative. From the perspective of carbon emission driving factors, industrial carbon emission is decomposed into five influencing factors: energy intensity, energy structure, industrial structure, economic efficiency, and employee scale. Taking the data of 41 subindustries of industrial industry in Liaoning Province from 2010 to 2019 as the research sample, the carbon emission is calculated. The LMDI model is used to analyze and point out the difference in the driving contribution of carbon emissions of each subindustry. The results show that the total carbon emission of Liaoning province gradually decreases, decreases for the first time in 2014, and gradually turns from flat to upward. Economic efficiency is the only and most important reason to drive the increase of industrial carbon emissions in Liaoning Province, and energy efficiency is the primary factor to curb carbon emissions. High carbon industries play a significant role in promoting the increase of carbon emissions, while the medium and low carbon industries have a better effect on restraining carbon emissions. It provides reference and theoretical basis for the government to adjust the industrial structure, control industrial overcapacity, and realize the “double carbon” goal as soon as possible. It is of great significance for the country to optimize energy layout, ensure energy security, and implement the new energy strategy.

Today, with the continuous progress of urbanization, public buildings have many environmental problems. Their high carbon emissions and energy consumption have caused considerable environmental pollution. Based on the analysis of the whole life cycle of public buildings, it can be seen from the results that due to its long time span, the service life will cause more pollution to the environment, high energy consumption and carbon emissions. In this environment, this paper completes the design and construction of carbon reduction measurement system for public buildings by combining intelligent big data technology and Apriori algorithm. The system mainly analyzes the whole life cycle of the building to calculate all energy consumption projects of the building, converts them into carbon footprint indicators, and uses the indicators to complete the quantitative assessment of environmental pollution level for public buildings in the whole life cycle, and obtains the carbon reduction assessment data of the building in the operating cycle in combination with the carbon emission factors of energy and electricity. The results of quantitative data analysis can be used for the design and arrangement of energy conservation and emission reduction policies, which can be realized by changing the lighting and ventilation, peripheral protection, shape coe cient and rainwater circulation of buildings. This paper conducts carbon reduction assessment for public buildings by integrating intelligent big data and Apriori algorithm.

The Energy-conservation and Emission-reduction Paths of Industrial sectors: Evidence from Chinas 35 industrial sectors

Decoupling effect and spatial-temporal characteristics of carbon emissions from construction industry in China

Examining the relationships between carbon emissions and land supply in China

Transportation infrastructure development and China’s energy intensive industries - A road development perspective

Quality of life and carbon emissions reduction: does digital economy play an influential role?

Environmental regulation and carbon emission: The mediation effect of technical efficiency

Against the backdrop of accelerating global carbon neutrality and the full implementation of China’s “Dual Carbon” strategy, the mining industry, as an energy-intensive sector that guarantees resource supply, plays a critical supporting role in the green transformation of the industry and achieving national carbon emission reduction targets. Based on panel data from 29 provinces in China from 2000 to 2021, this study combines the Tapio decoupling index and the LMDI decomposition method to systematically characterize the evolution of carbon emissions in China’s mining industry, to accurately identify the decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic growth, and to reveal the core driving mechanism, presenting quantifiable and interpretable empirical and technical results. The results show that carbon emissions and raw ore output in China’s mining industry generally followed an evolutionary trend of “first rising, then peaking, and continuously declining”. Carbon emissions peaked in 2013 and decreased steadily afterward, reflecting remarkable achievements in green development. The decoupling relationship has shifted from weak decoupling to stable strong decoupling in 2019 and has been maintained in this state ever since, indicating that the mining industry has entered a high-quality development stage featuring coordinated economic growth and carbon emission reductions. The decomposition results confirm that the output expansion effect is the main driver of the increase in carbon emissions, while the reduction in energy intensity, optimization of the energy structure, and improvement in output efficiency constitute the key forces driving the reduction in carbon emissions, with technological progress, industrial upgrading, and clean energy substitution as the core pathways. In summary, this study empirically verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of low-carbon transformation in China’s mining industry. The realization of a stable strong decoupling state shows that this paradigm can be replicated in the green development of other energy-intensive industries. In the future, precise policy incentives, energy structure upgrades, energy efficiency technological innovation, and standardized construction of green mines can further consolidate the decoupling effects and further encourage the comprehensive transition towards a low-carbon mining industry. The findings of this study can provide a solid theoretical basis and empirical support for the formulation of carbon emission reduction policies and the design of green development pathways in China’s mining industry, with important theoretical and practical value for ensuring national resource security and facilitating the realization of the “Dual Carbon” goals.

Synergy and heterogeneity of driving factors of carbon emissions in China's energy-intensive industries

No AccessPolicy Research Working Papers15 Nov 2013Technological Learning, Energy Efficiency, and CO2 Emissions in China's Energy Intensive IndustriesAuthors/Editors: Michael T. Rock, Michael Toman, Yuanshang Cui, Kejun Jiang, Yun Song, Yanjia WangMichael T. Rock, Michael Toman, Yuanshang Cui, Kejun Jiang, Yun Song, Yanjia Wanghttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6492SectionsAboutPDF (0.4 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: Since the onset of economic reforms in 1978, China has been remarkably successful in reducing the carbon dioxide intensities of gross domestic product and industrial production. Most analysts correctly attribute the rapid decline in the carbon dioxide intensity of industrial production to rising energy prices, increased openness to trade and investment, increased competition, and technological change. China's industrial and technology policies also have contributed to lower carbon dioxide intensities, by transforming industrial structure and improving enterprise level technological capabilities. Case studies of four energy intensive industries—aluminum, cement, iron and steel, and paper—show how the changes have put these industries on substantially lower carbon dioxide emissions trajectories. Although the changes have not led to absolute declines in carbon dioxide emissions, they have substantially weakened the link between industry growth and carbon dioxide emissions. Previous bookNext book FiguresReferencesRecommendedDetailsCited ByExamining the influencing factors of CO 2 emissions at city level via panel quantile regression: evidence from 102 Chinese citiesApplied Economics, Vol.51, No.3512 March 2019The Evolving Geography of China's Industrial Production: Implications for Pollution Dynamics and Urban Quality of Life26 December 2014THE EVOLVING GEOGRAPHY OF CHINA'S INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION DYNAMICS AND URBAN QUALITY OF LIFEJournal of Economic Surveys, Vol.28, No.419 March 2014 View Published: June 2013 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsEast Asia & PacificRelated CountriesChinaRelated TopicsEnergyEnvironment KeywordsENERGY EFFICIENCYINDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATIONTECHNOLOGY LEARNINGDECARBONIZATION PDF DownloadLoading ...

China's energy-intensive industry (EII) is characterized by high pollution, high energy consumption, and high emissions. It is essential to boost this sector's green total factor productivity (GTFP) in order to support the sustainable development of the China's economy and help to achieve the objective of carbon neutrality. This work measures the evolution of GTFP in EII and its subsectors at provincial and regional level from 2001 to 2019, identifies the causes of these changes, and finally analyzes the particular spatial aggregation effect of GTFP in EII. It is discovered that the GTFP of China's EII has significantly improved throughout the sample period and exhibits a spatial structure of "high in the coastal areas and low in the west and center." The main driver of GTFP growth for China's EII and its subsectors was technological advance. Smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (SPFM) and smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (SPNM) were the industries with the most significant technological progress. Remarkable spatial correlations existed among the GTFP of EII at provincial level. The GTFP values of EII in coastal regions were relatively high and tend to benefit the adjacent provinces but there was a polarization effect in the Middle Reaches of Yellow River (YR). Finally, policy implications are provided for the sustainable development of China's EII.

The implementation of green manufacturing is a key step for China to achieve carbon neutrality. According to China Emission Accounts and Datasets (CEADs), energy-intensive industries such as steel, cement, oil and gas, chemicals and non-ferrous metals, were responsible for about 36% of China’s total carbon emissions in 2017. This chapter analyzes changes in the green premiums of the steel, cement, non-ferrous metals, general manufacturing industries, as well as oil, gas and chemicals at different stages of development to explore how manufacturing sectors may become carbon neutral. Having analyzed total carbon emissions and green premiums of various sectors, we conclude that the higher the proportion of carbon emissions from internal production processes is, the higher green premiums are and the more difficult it is to reduce carbon emissions. As thermal power may be gradually replaced by renewable energy sources, we believe emissions from power consumption may decline sharply. If emissions of an industry mainly come from internal production processes rather than electricity consumption, such an industry would need to upgrade technological routes or adopt carbon capture technologies to reduce emissions, which means a higher green premium. We believe 2021–2030 may be the toughest period for emission cuts in manufacturing industries. While it is relatively easier to cut emissions from power generation, electricity consumption is not the main culprit for carbon emissions in most energy-intensive industries. Therefore, these industries may face both financial and technological problems in cutting emissions, especially in the early stages before 2030. Based on the direct emissions from internal production processes (without taking into account emissions from power consumption), we estimate a green premium ratio (i.e., magnitude of cost increase to achieve net-zero emissions) of 21% for steel, 151% for cement, 4% for aluminum, 61% for chemicals, and 8% for oil and gas sectors in 2019. Earnings of general manufacturing industries may decline about 3% if the green premium is taken into account. We believe these industries will need supportive public policies in this period to help them solve their problems, complete technology upgrading, and find a feasible path for emission cuts. During the period from carbon peak to carbon neutrality, we believe energy-intensive industries may face much milder pressure on emission reduction as these industries can finally develop a feasible and affordable roadmap for emission cuts. With low-carbon transition and falling aggregate supply and demand of some energy-intensive industries, we believe the green premium ratio (based on emissions from internal production processes) may decline to 6.7% for steel, 67.5% for cement, 2.0% for aluminum, −0.8% for chemicals, and −3.3% for oil and gas sectors in 2060, much lower than the current levels.

The paper industry is a high-carbon emission and energy-intensive industry. From the perspective of low-carbon trade and carbon neutrality, its energy conservation and emission reduction are worthy of attention. This study used the input-output model to calculate the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States from 2006 to 2020 and used the logarithmic mean division index (LMDI) method to analyze influencing factors of the change of embodied carbon emissions. The study found that the embodied carbon emissions of China’s paper industry’s export trade to the United States generally shows a stable downward trend after reaching the peak with the increase of export trade scale; scale effect is the main factor that causes the embodied carbon emissions, while technological progress, policy support, and environmental regulations are important driving forces to promote carbon emission reduction. The research results of this paper not only can test and guide China’s paper industry trade policies and industrial policies, but they can also provide decision-making reference for China and the United States to promote the carbon emission reduction of the paper industry.

In order to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, energy-intensive industries in China, as the main sectors of energy consumption and carbon emissions, had huge pressure to reduce emissions. In addition, the reduction of vegetation area led to a decline in carbon sink capacity, which further exacerbated the imbalance of mutual penetration between carbon source and carbon sink. Therefore, this article considered the role of carbon source and carbon sink and defined and calculated the “carbon emission penetration” (CEP) of the six energy-intensive industries from 2001 to 2020. The KAYA formula and the LMDI method were used to decompose the driving factors of CEP in the three aspects of scale, intensity, and structure. The combined model of STIRPAT and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) was used to simulate and analyze the equilibrium points of energy-intensive industries in China from the perspective of factor driving. The analysis results indicated that there were differences in the fluctuation trend of CEP in the six energy-intensive industries, which can be divided into three types: “two-stage growth,” “steady growth,” and “single peak.” Secondly, the driving factors from the three aspects of scale, intensity, and structure—emission intensity (CE), energy consumption intensity (EI), industrial structure (IS), economic scale (GP), and carbon sequestration scale (PCA)—had differences in industry and time dimensions. And the realization time of the CEP equilibrium points of six industries showed a three-level gradient feature significantly. This can provide some reference for the low-carbon transformation of six energy-intensive industries and optimization of China’s environmental management under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.Graphical abstract