Analysis of Wood Pallet Quality Control with Six Sigma and FMEA Methods

Defective product is a product that has poor quality and do not meet the standart. This defective products can give a bad impact to company, such as high production costs and decreased image company. Several methods that can be used to improve the quality is Six Sigma DMAIC methodology, FTA, and FMEA method. This study is conducted for several purpose, they are to determine the value of sigma level on the process of sugar production in PT.PG. Krebet Baru, to determine the factors that cause defective products in the process of sugar production by the FTA method, and to make a suitable solution based on the FMEA defective causes. The process sigma level in PT.PG.Krebet Baru is 3.58. That value sigma level indicates PT. PG. Krebet Baru is a company that are still growing and need improvement. The primary cause of the defects in the production process is a factor of operator and machine. Mode of failure with the highest RPN at 210 is time for steam process is too long, so they need to install the equipment that can detect the water level on sugar. When this equipment is installed, the exact time for drying will be known and the amount of defective product will be decreased.

In order to analyze the logistics service mode and sales mode selection strategy, a green low-carbon supply chain consisting of a single manufacturer and a single e-commerce platform is considered. First, in the green low-carbon supply chain which consists of a direct selling channel and reselling channel, the selection strategy of the manufacturer's logistics service mode is analyzed. Second, in the green low-carbon supply chain which consists of a direct selling channel and an agency channel, the selection strategy of the manufacturer's logistics service mode is analyzed. Last, the manufacturer's sales mode is analyzed. We use the backward induction method to solve the theoretical model. This study contributes to the literature by considering the optimal decision of a green low-carbon supply chain. This study brings together the literature from streams on the selling channel selection strategy in green supply chains and the logistics service strategy in green supply chains. The impacts of the logistics service cost, the selling cost, and the green input cost coefficient on the optimal decision and the firms' profit are discussed. The result shows that in the direct selling channel and reselling channel, when the basic market demand and the logistics service level of the third-party logistics service provider are low, manufacturers will choose the e-commerce platform logistics service; in the opposite case, manufacturers will choose the third-party logistics service. In the direct selling channel and agency channels, when the logistics service level of the third-party logistics service provider is greater than or equal to a certain critical value and less than or equal to the logistics service level of the e-commerce platform, manufacturers will choose the e-commerce platform logistics service; in the opposite case, manufacturers will choose the third-party logistics service. No matter whether the manufacturer chooses the logistics service provided by the third-party logistics service provider or the logistics service provided by the e-commerce platform, the manufacturer should choose the direct selling channel and the agency channel.

Many companies managed to improve logistics performance by making outsourcing decisions on logistics activities. The use of logistics outsourcing, not only can maintain their focus on core businesses, but also continue to minimize distribution costs by establishing relationships with third party service providers to create value of their operational performance excellence. But in a decentralized supply chain condition, the control of the supply chain players towards third-party logistics service providers is also limited, while the performance of logistics services affects the availability of products, quality, price, and market share of these companies. Coordination mechanisms are needed in a decentralized supply chain, especially with the implementation of logistics outsourcing decisions, so companies can maintain competitive advantage. In this paper, the model revenue and inventory-risk sharing contract was developed to coordinate the supply chain consisting of manufacturers, third party logistics service providers, and retailers. In addition, incentive and penalty schemes are applied based on the performance of logistics service providers that will affect the level of availability in retailers, so that inventory risk can also be allocated to all stakeholders.

Third-party logistics (3PL) service providers are crucial to achieving sustainability in supply chain management (SCM). Third-party logistics service providers (3PLSP) are identified in such a way that they can help a firm fulfill its targeted objectives. The choice of 3PLSP must take into account broad selection criteria that are pertinent to both current and future needs. Various modelling techniques have been applied to evaluate and select 3PLSP. For the evaluation and selection of 3PLSP in the given set of situational requirements, a set of different selection criteria has been set up. This paper screens 191 articles from the Scopus database and finds 132 articles spread over two decades from 2001 to 2022 (30 July 2022). The 132 filtered articles are further assessed using bibliometric analysis, qualitatively and quantitatively. The identified research articles are studied and analyzed according to different bibliometric parameters, using MS Excel, VOSviewer version 1.6.17, and Biblioshiny 4.0. It has been found that the top five countries engaged in research are India (36%), Turkey (13%), Taiwan (12%), China (11%), and the USA (10%). The top three journals with the most research publications were International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, Benchmarking, and Expert Systems with Applications. The three research methodologies most often used to solve 3PL selection problems were fuzzy-based, AHP, and TOPSIS. Numerous studies of theoretical models have applications in real-world situations. The developed selection models have high applicability in the automobile industry, agricultural industries, marine products, etc.

<bold>Purpose</bold> &#x2013; There is particularly high loss rate for fresh agricultural products (FAP) in the operation of actual supply chain and the development of FAP e-commerce is hindered to some extent. The purpose of this paper is to solve the customer to business (C2B) pre-sale problems of FAP supply chain, in which a third-party logistics service provider (TPLSP) participates in decision-making, to increase the income of each member and to ensure that consumers can obtain the freshest FAP. <bold>Design/methodology/approach</bold> &#x2013; This paper considers the C2B pre-sale strategies as a three-echelon fresh FAP supply chain, where the supplier pre-sell products through the online retailers. The market demand in the online channel depends on the retailer&#x2019;s service level, the pre-sale discount rate and the logistics service efforts of TPLSP. <bold>Findings</bold>&#x2013;Stackelberg game method is adopted to study the equilibrium strategies of a supplier-led FAP supply chain under centralized and decentralized decision-making with the existence of a TPLSP, and the optimal pre-sale discount rate, the optimal online service level and the optimal logistics service price provided by TPLSP in the two decision modes are obtained, as well as the optimal profits of the supply chain and each member. <bold>Practical implications</bold> &#x2013; The paper provides a practical guideline to managers in fresh products industry in terms of how to cooperate with other supply chain members so as to maximize total profit and to achieve Pareto improvement, and at the meantime, to supply the freshest and safest products to the target market under e-commerce environment. <bold>Originality/value</bold> &#x2013; For the e-commerce supply chains with TPLSP participates in decision-making, there are few studies which considers the FAP pre-sale, especially consider the case that the market demand for FAP is affected by freshness and online selling price per unit simultaneously. This paper takes these cases into account, establishes the corresponding mathematical model, and designs a coordination mechanisms.

Objectives Outsourcing an online pharmacy logistics business to a third-party logistics service provider (TPLSP) may provide two advantages: saving logistics costs and improving logistics services. However, difficulties exist in balancing the interests of online pharmacies and TPLSPs. In this paper, we studied the dynamic coordination mechanism of online pharmacies and TPLSPs with a shared savings contract. Methods To find out whether online pharmacies have decision-making power or not, we analyzed the dynamic optimal decision-making modes of both TPLSPs and online pharmacies. By combining the shared savings contract with the logistics outsourcing contract, we established a dynamic inventory and transportation integrated optimization (ITIO) model of an online pharmaceutical supply chain based on a shared savings contract. With that model, we analyzed the dynamic optimal decision making of the sharing arrangement, the effort level and the logistics service price and compared the dynamic decision-making process of decentralized optimization with ITIO, and analyzed the impact of the shared savings contract and the level of effort on the dynamic ITIO and system performance. Results In the dynamic ITIO model, the profits of the online pharmaceutical supply chain and logistics service provider are both higher than those of the decentralized optimization model. However, compared with the LSP, the profit of online pharmacies was less. In the dynamic ITIO model based on a shared savings contract, the profits of the whole supply chain, the online pharmacies and the logistics service providers all increased with the shared saving parameter within a certain range. The profits of online pharmacies and logistics service providers also changed as the contract parameters varied within this range. Conclusions A shared savings contract is an effective way to realize dynamic inventory and transportation integrated optimization in an online pharmaceutical supply chain and can increase the income of the whole supply chain and of each participating party. Acknowledgments This research was financially supported by the NSF of China (Grant Nos. 71262031, 71362029, 71562036), Youth Leaders of Academic and Technical Projects of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 2014HB009) and Yunnan Provincial Doctoral Discipline Development Plan (Applied Economics).

The industrial revolution 4.0 has an impact on the progress of a global business, including in Indonesia. One of the companies affected is the Logistics Company. In this research, a logistics company is a company engaged in warehousing and logistics services or 3PL (third party logistics service providers). Based on the research results, it is known that there are five types of products with the highest number of defects in the last six months, namely ER180, IA195, IA120, SL235 and IA220 products. From the Pareto diagram, it is known that the ER180 product is the product that has the highest defect percentage among other products, namely as much as 52%. The processing results obtained an average DPMO value of 185.68538 failures per one million and a sigma level of about 5.06 with a COPQ level of 5-15%. Based on data analysis using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, there are six types of product defects, namely dented packaging, damaged outer cartons, leaking products, rotten products, inappropriate product dimensions and plain packaging. The main causes of product defects are MHE operators who are not careful, the use of damaged wooden pallets and the lack of lighting in the work area. Based on the analysis using FTA and FMEA, the proposed quality improvement for the company, namely conducting training and training so that employee knowledge and skills increase, selection of pallets according to standards and adding lighting in the work area.

A well-designed supply chain configuration yields positive net value by creating benefits, reducing costs, and improving firm’s profitability. Nowadays, supply chain also includes third-party logistics service providers (3PLs) which are usually contracted by the supplier or manufacturer to supply integrated logistics services to the buyers or consumers. Efficient utilization of 3PLs is expected to bring benefits such as reducing total costs thereby maximizing profits. The purpose of this research paper is to propose a multi-objective optimization model to derive an integrated net present value-based supply chain configuration for a manufacturing enterprise incorporating the effect of third-party logistics service providers in an uncertain demand scenario. Firstly, the paper presents the conceptual framework considering the third-party logistics service providers for a manufacturing enterprise and thereafter a multi-objective optimization model is proposed to find a compromise solution to NPV maximization and total cost minimization. The model also makes use of Chance Constraint methodology to handle demand uncertainties.

Despite the increasing interest toward environmental issues in the freight transport and logistics service sector, a comprehensive and updated assessment of the existing literature is still missing. This paper aims to fill this gap by presenting the results of a systematic literature review of publications in the area of environmental sustainability in third-party logistics service providers (3PLs) between the years 2000 and 2016. The review offers insight into the critical dimensions of green matters in transport and logistics service companies using an analytical framework based on the following five topic areas: influencing factors, green actions and the impact on performance, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tools supporting the green actions, energy efficiency in road freight transport and shipper’s perspective and collaboration. The results indicate that, despite the number of published papers having grown significantly from 2008 onward, some areas remain highly under-researched such as ICT and performance measurement. Several research gaps have been identified in each topic area, and a set of propositions forming an agenda for future research directions has been suggested.

Optimal channel and logistics service selection strategies in the e-commerce context

Most of the service cost sharing models with market demand dependent on the level of logistics service simplified the influence of logistics service level on the demand of market, leading to absence of customer related factors during decision-making, which contradicts both customer-oriented management philosophy and reality. This article studied a logistics service supply chain composed of a third-party logistics service provider (TPLSP), a manufacturer and its customers. To solve the problem mentioned above, we analyzed how logistics service level affects this enterprise's market demand from the perspective of customers' perceived value, on the basis of which a logistics service cost sharing model was designed. The study found that: when the customer characteristic parameters satisfy certain conditions, there is an optimal cost-sharing coefficient for both players to maximize their profits as well as choose a consistent service level, thus the system reaches equilibrium.

The purpose of this paper is to resolve the coordination problems of an outsourcing logistics channel constituted by a Third Party Logistics Service Provider (TPLSP) and a client. High levels of logistics service that the TPLSP provides have a significant impact on customer demand for the client's products. When customer demand is not influenced by levels of logistics service, a properly designed revenue-sharing contract can achieve channel coordination and a win-win outcome. When customer demand is influenced by levels of logistics service, a properly designed combination contract with revenue-sharing and service-cost-sharing can achieve channel coordination and a win-win outcome. Under a revenue-sharing contract and a combination contract with revenue-sharing and service-cost-sharing, the TPLSP needs to undertake some inventory risk.

BLKK Al – insan is a company that produces hoe products located in Environment. Karotek RT/RW 001/002.Kalitimbang village Cibeber district Cilegon city. Cilegon City with the main raw material of iron plate and other supporting tools. BLKK Al - Insan is very hopeful in creating products that allow it to compete well in terms of quality in the market and wants a 3% defect standard in its production. In the production process of hoe products BLKK Al - insan has defect problems, namely Distortion, Porosity and Undercut which can cause problems in product quality in the targeted production amount and has a defect percentage of 23% in 4 months. The purpose of this study is to apply the si sigma method (DMAIC) to reduce product defects and determine the factors that cause product defects and provide alternative efforts to improve product quality. Based on the analysis result DMAIC obtained 3 critical to quality that’s is Distorsi, Porosity and Undercat, and obtained the average initial value DPMO 763,8 (2,94) after improvement, the DPMO value becomes 644.4 and the sigma level has increased to 3.02 and the defect percentage value becomes 19% based on the process improve using the kaizen method by proposing to use 5w+1H, Five M Cheecklist and Five Step Plan and developing standard operating procedures for the production process can determine the DPMO value and increase the six sigma value.

This paper selected 12 evaluating index affecting customer satisfaction in the Taobao's third-party logistics service providers, used the principal component analysis (PCA), to find the main factors that affect customer satisfaction in the Taobao's third-party logistics service providers. The study has shown the main factors including the brand, the quality of the staff and reputation. This paper puts forward some suggestions on the development of customer satisfaction in the Taobao's third-party logistics service provider: improving brand awareness, heightening the credibility of enterprises and enhancing the quality of staff.

Purpose- The purpose of this research is to increase customer satisfaction and business performance in the sector to eliminate failure situations of the processing phases of the departments of the business and to develop the quality of the system. The objective of this research is to enhance customer satisfaction and business performance by addressing and eliminating failure situations in the processing phases of the business departments and improving the quality of the system. To achieve this, the study focuses on evaluating third-party and fourth-party logistics service providers in the context of sustainability. While there are existing approaches to evaluate party logistics under general headings, there is a lack of specific studies focusing on companies operating in a single field. Therefore, this study aims to fill that gap by examining the business evaluation criteria of third-party and fourth-party logistics service providers for a white goods company in Turkey. Methodology- During the research, the concept of third-party logistics has gained attention within the scope of sustainability, the competition among organizations providing this service has become more intense, as have customer expectations. The research utilizes Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Pareto Analysis (PA) to assess the sustainability of the supply chain and batch logistics for the company. Findings- As a result of the research, the findings in the direction of quality improvement-development within the scope of the service provided by the business are presented. The initial phase of process enhancement for logistics operations begins with the FMEA results. Development initiatives may begin if improvement initiatives are maintained. Development activities and resources ought to be distributed in accordance with this level of priority with regard to the first work that has to be performed to enhance the process. Conclusion- All risk considerations might not be realized inside a particular process since there are only a limited number of possibilities to be assigned for enhancement prosperity. By conducting risk prevention studies in accordance with the priorities that will be decided upon each period, it is intended to produce continuous improvement. Overall, while it may not be possible to address every risk, prioritizing risks and conducting risk prevention studies can help organizations achieve continuous improvement and increase their chances of success. Keywords: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), Pareto Analysis (PA), party logistics, quality, supply chain, sustainability. JEL Codes: 030, N01, L15, L21, L84