Abstract
Purpose. Analysis of the current state and problems of the functioning of the Ukrainian grain storage system as an important element of the logistics chain of its delivery to seaports for export. Searching for ways to improve the efficiency of rail transportation of grain from linear elevators to ports in terms of reducing logistics costs. Main material. Over the past few years, Ukraine has confidently taken a leading position as one of the largest producers and exporters of grain. In the 2016-2017 season, Ukraine exported 44 million tons of grain, ranking second in the world. An important component of the logistic chain of grain supply for export is the system of its storage in the areas of production and transshipment. Currently, Ukraine has more than 1,000 linear elevators and about 30 port terminals with a total storage capacity of 48 million tons. Among the regions most provided with elevator capacity, Poltava, Odessa and Kirovograd regions. The average level of provided with elevators in Ukraine is 64%. The capacity of port terminals for grain transshipment is 60 million tons. The average cost of grain processing on linear elevators is 8...15 USD / ton. The losses of Ukrainian grain producers due to inefficient logistics are 20 USD / ton. The main carrier of grain cargo in Ukraine is rail transport. The main problems of rail transportation of grain are: insufficient capacity of the railway infrastructure in ports and port areas, shortage and aging of the grain wagons, inefficient organization of logistics. The forwarding direction of improving the logistics of rail transportation of grain cargo is shipper routing. The organization of such a technology requires the development of an elevator infrastructure for the concentration of loading grain routes on nodal elevators. Conclusions. The existing elevator infrastructure provides the existing volumes of production and export of Ukrainian grain. The introduction of the routing of grain transportation requires joint actions, both investors in the development of elevator infrastructure, and the state in the sphere of liberalization of the tariff policy for rail transportation.
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