Abstract
Laser Cladding is one of the leading processes within Additive Manufacturing technologies, which has concentrated a considerable amount of effort on its development. In regard to the latter, the current study aims to summarize the influence of the most relevant process parameters in the laser cladding processing of single and compound volumes (solid forms) made from AISI 316L stainless steel powders and using a coaxial nozzle for their deposition. Process speed, applied laser power and powder flow are considered to be the main variables affecting the laser cladding in single clads, whereas overlap percentage and overlapping strategy also become relevant when dealing with multiple clads. By setting appropriate values for each process parameter, the main goal of this paper is to develop a processing window in which a good metallurgical bond between the delivered powder and the substrate is obtained, trying simultaneously to maintain processing times at their lowest value possible. Conventional metallography techniques were performed on the cross sections of the laser tracks to measure the effective dimensions of clads, height and width, as well as the resulting dilution value. Besides the influence of the overlap between contiguous clads and layers, physical defects such as porosity and cracks were also evaluated. Optimum process parameters to maximize productivity were defined as 13 mm/s, 2500 W, 30% of overlap and a 25 g/min powder feed rate.
Highlights
In regard to the latter, the current study aims to summarize the influence of the most relevant process parameters in the laser cladding processing of single and compound volumes made from AISI 316L stainless steel powders and using a coaxial nozzle for their deposition
By setting appropriate values for each process parameter, the main goal of this paper is to develop a processing window in which a good metallurgical bond between the delivered powder and the substrate is obtained, trying simultaneously to maintain processing times at their lowest value possible
Current development in Additive Manufacturing (AM) has tweaked the product design process itself, by adding the possibility to work on a Computer Assisted Design (CAD) model and create solid metal parts directly from such a model [1]
Summary
Current development in Additive Manufacturing (AM) has tweaked the product design process itself, by adding the possibility to work on a Computer Assisted Design (CAD) model and create solid metal parts directly from such a model [1]. Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) or Laser Cladding (LC) stands as one of the most relevant AM processes in development [2] and, thanks to its versatility as an AM process [3,4], LC technology has become an interesting process for designing and generating parts with complex structures in the industry [5,6] This novel process allows manufacturing parts or pieces without size restriction or the need of an expensive tooling, and minimizes the material waste by adjusting the required amount of material and laser spot size to the design of the part to be manufactured [7,8]. These strategies must comply with the specific requirements of each material, such as overlap percentage, energy density and powder flow, in order to accomplish a good metallurgical bond between the deposited layer and the substrate [12]
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