Abstract
Hypomyces aurantius is a mycoparasite that causes cobweb disease, a most serious disease of cultivated mushrooms. Intra-species identification is vital for disease control, however the lack of genomic data makes development of molecular markers challenging. Small size, high copy number, and high mutation rate of fungal mitochondrial genome makes it a good candidate for intra and inter species differentiation. In this study, the mitochondrial genome of H. H.a0001 was determined from genomic DNA using Illumina sequencing. The roughly 72 kb genome shows all major features found in other Hypocreales: 14 common protein genes, large and small subunit rRNAs genes and 27 tRNAs genes. Gene arrangement comparison showed conserved gene orders in Hypocreales mitochondria are relatively conserved, with the exception of Acremonium chrysogenum and Acremonium implicatum. Mitochondrial genome comparison also revealed that intron length primarily contributes to mitogenome size variation. Seventeen introns were detected in six conserved genes: five in cox1, four in rnl, three in cob, two each in atp6 and cox3, and one in cox2. Four introns were found to contain two introns or open reading frames: cox3-i2 is a twintron containing two group IA type introns; cox2-i1 is a group IB intron encoding two homing endonucleases; and cox1-i4 and cox1-i3 both contain two open reading frame (ORFs). Analyses combining secondary intronic structures, insertion sites, and similarities of homing endonuclease genes reveal two group IA introns arranged side by side within cox3-i2. Mitochondrial data for H. aurantius provides the basis for further studies relating to population genetics and species identification.
Highlights
Cobweb disease is one of the most serious diseases in mushroom cultivation, affecting both mushroom quality and yield [1]
The mitochondrial genome of H. aurantius H.a0001 was extracted from the whole genome sequence obtained by de novo Illumina sequencing of total DNA
The present study was the first report of sequencing of the mitochondrial genome in cobweb disease
Summary
Cobweb disease is one of the most serious diseases in mushroom cultivation, affecting both mushroom quality and yield [1]. As a cytoplasmic genetic material, the fungal mitogenome usually contains 14 conserved protein-coding genes, including three F0 subunits of the ATP-synthase complex, seven subunits of electron transport complex I, one subunit of complex III, and three subunits of complex IV, as well as genes for the large and small ribosomal RNAs, and a set of tRNA genes [12]. Some of these genes, such as cox1 [13,14] and cob [15], have been used as DNA barcodes for species-level identification. The number and length of introns are the most predominant factors contributing to the size differences of fungal mitochondria [9]
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