Analysis of the evolution of the marginal effect of human capital structure in the process of industrial structure evolution

Supported by government policies, the innovation of China’s solar photovoltaic industry has been triggered greatly. As an important part of public policy, various talent policies have been issued to increase support for innovation. Therefore, it is essential to study the relationship between talent policy and firm innovation of Chinese solar photovoltaic industry. However, there is less empirical research on this topic. In this context, this study examined whether talent policy influences firm innovation. To examine the underlying causal mechanism, this study explored the role of human capital quality structure and human capital function structure in the relationship between talent policy and firm innovation. Based on the buffering and bridging mechanism of resource dependence theory, an empirical model of talent policy, human capital structure and firm innovation were conceptualized. Using an unbalanced panel data of 101 listed firms of the solar photovoltaic industry in China from 2008 to 2021, the random effect GLS regression was employed to empirically test the impact of talent policy on firm innovation, the mediating effects of human capital quality structure and human capital function structure, and examined the heterogeneous impact of nature of property rights and R&D intensity on the above relationships. The results show that talent policy can significantly promote firm innovation. Human capital structure plays mediating effects on the relationship between talent policy and firm innovation. Moreover, the talent policy and human capital structure’s effects on firm innovation are more significant in non-state-owned firms and firms with low R&D intensity. This study provides an important reference for promoting firm innovation through human capital structure in the construction of the talent policy.

The research on human capital, industrial structure upgrading and economic growth has always been one of the focus issues in academia. The existing literature is developed from different perspectives. First of all, the research on human capital mainly focuses on the research of human capital and economic growth, including the relationship between total human capital and economic growth, the relationship between human capital structure and economic growth, and the relationship between healthy human capital and economic growth. Secondly, the research on the upgrading of industrial structure includes the upgrading of industrial structure and economic growth, the influencing factors of the upgrading of industrial structure and so on. Among them, the influencing factors mainly include technological progress, market supply and demand, population, trade and government policies. Thirdly, the research on the impact of human capital on the upgrading of industrial structure mainly includes the matching of heterogeneous human capital and industrial structure, and the impact mechanism of human capital on industrial structure. This paper systematically reviews the development of literature on human capital, industrial structure upgrading and their relationship, and points out the problems existing in the literature, possible improvements in the future and several issues that may need attention in the future.

Purpose. The aim of the article is to clarify the various approaches to the interpretation of the essence and significance of human capital for the development of a modern theoretical basis for human capital development in the economy. Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological bases of the study are the fundamental provisions of modern economic theory, research of domestic and foreign scientists. Systemic, process, historical and logical approaches were used to achieve the goal and defined tasks. General scientific methods were used in the process of research: comparison – in determining the differences in the interpretation of the essence of human capital by different scientists; analysis – in determining the quantitative and qualitative parameters of human capital; synthesis – in determining the components of the structure of human capital, which are the objects of management and measurement and the system of indicators, which are the objects of management of its structure; induction and deduction – in determining approaches to the essence of human capital and aspecting the components of the structure of human capital. Also special methods of economic research were used: grouping – in determining aspects of the components of the structure of human capital and their effectiveness, indicators of human capital; tabular and graphic – when systematizing the components of the structure and indicators of human capital, aspectization of human capital; analysis at the macroeconomic level - in determining trends in the concept of human capital. Findings. As a result of studying of human capital it is established that: human capital is the ability to bring benefits (correlated with the concept of "labour"); human capital is a stock (correlated with the concept of "asset" which is temporarily not used); human capital is a resource (correlated with the concept of "asset" which is used); human capital is a potential (correlated with the concept of "asset" which can be used to a limited extent based on the used set of potential capacity or sources of potential capacity); human capital is a source of income (correlated with the amount of income); human capital is a special form of capital (acts in the form of interaction of needs and abilities of the subject); human capital is a form of realization of economic relations. Originality. Theoretical provisions on the essence of human capital as an economic category were clarified, in which human capital is the carrier of systemic relations of the reproductive process of society Namely, system-component approach in the interpretation of the "human capital" term was substantiated, which, in contrast to the existing approach, defines the composition and aspects of component structure of human capital, which reveals the internal organization of human capital and the relationship of its constituent components, i.e. those that were obtained biologically, those that were obtained in society, those that formed the carrier of human capital as the main element of the productive forces. Practical value. The practical significance lies in increased scientific reasoning of theoretical provisions and practical measures to ensure the mechanism of state regulation of the reproduction of human capital in accordance with the transformational changes in social relations and market conditions, as well as globalization processes. The author's proposals can be used by the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy, in developing strategies and concepts of social development of countries, or by the Ministry of Economics, in developing economic and social development projects of Ukraine, educational process of higher education institutions of Ukraine. Key words: capital, human capital, human potential, theory of human capital, concept of human capital, system approach, structural and functional approach, management approach, components of human capital structure, aspectization.

In recent years,a considerable body of research has been established on the co–evolution of technology and industry structure, from the time that the technology is young to the time when it is mature· A somewhat smaller body of research has been established on how private and public institutions, and public programs and policies co-evolved with a technology and industry· It is proposed here that nations differ in their pace and pattern of institutional response to the birth and development of an industry, and that the locus of comparative advantage is largely determined by these different kinds of national response.

The region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei dominates the economic development in China's northern region,and its coordination between industrial structure and urban evolution is great significant to regional economy. Firstly, based on the concept of the urban evolution, the article proposes comprehensive index system of the industrial structure and urban evolution. Then, using the SAS software, with the method of factor analysis and correlation analysis, processing the 21 years' data of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the paper does empirical research on the relationship between the industrial structure and urban evolution, and assessed the interaction between the tertiary industries and urban evolution. The result shows that, the first industry plays a dynamic function, but its own development is limited, cannot be sustained upgrade; the secondary industry does not form a sound development mechanism and role in promoting the urban evolution decline; the third industry promotes the urban evolution, but there is the phenomenon of virtual sophistication.

This paper focuses on the relationship between technology spillovers in the context of the evolution of China's regional industrial structure. Based on a theoretical model, we have formally shown the impact of the evolution of the regional industrial structure and have also empirically tested technology spillovers for the period 1991–2007 in the context of the evolution of the regional industrial structure in China. The findings provide an important theoretical and practical basis for the government to formulate regional economic policies and industrial development strategies.

Promoting industrial structure upgrade, upgrading industrial structure and solving the contradictions existing in industrial structure are the key concerns of economic development in this era. Based on this, this paper takes 30 provinces, municipalities directly under the central government and autonomous regions of China from 2009 to 2019 as research samples to study the influence of innovation capacity on industrial structure. The research results show that the influence of innovation capacity on industrial structure is in an inverted "U" shape, and the current innovation development is in the stage of inhibiting the development of industrial structure, but with the continuous improvement of innovation capacity, the subsequent development of industrial structure will be promoted. The size of the government and the economy of developed regions have a positive effect on the development of industrial structure, while the increase of urbanization level has an inhibiting effect on the development of industrial structure. Therefore, each region should continuously increase innovation investment and promote the combination of industry, academia and research, so as to promote the upgrading and development of industrial structure.

At present in the international scientific community one speaks more persistently about necessity of social investments developing which are associated with accumulation of the human capital. Reproduction of the human capital becomes a part of “present – future” problematic with key problems of public necessity and balance of investments into the physical, social and individual human capita. Transformational imperatives, coming out in concrete historical conditions, every time impose certain specificity on social and economic relations which comes out not only in country dynamics of processes but also in the alternative and unstable character of transformation, its nonlinearity, and also in specific "transitive" forms of public relations. Especially actual for the Russian economy at the moment is the analysis of adequacy extent of these transformations to problems of development of the Russian society. In this article the authors concentrated their attention on studying of the imperative of reproduction of the individual human capital and revealing the reasons of the disbalance in the structure of the human capital in the Russian economy. Authors come to the conclusion that the origin of the disbalance between structural elements of the human capital in Russia is connected with a phase of use of manpower. The carried out research showed that the Russian economic system defined with the “bureaucratic capitalism” definition, demonstrates inability to effective reproduction of the human capital in its unity of individual, corporate and national levels owing to objective directivity of processes control mechanisms to the solution of formal but not substantial problems. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5s2p405

This paper analyzes the current development of human capital and industrial structure of Changzhou, respectively from three aspects: the employment structure and industrial structure of the misalignment, industry human capital density, the stock of human capital and industrial structure correlation, analyzes the interactive relationship between Changzhou city's human capital and the industrial structure, draws some conclusions, puts forward related suggestions.

Addressing the challenge of attaining a harmonious balance between energy utilization efficiency and the level of industrial structure development is crucial for promoting regional sustainable development. Aiming at the goal of carbon neutrality, a three-stage method to analyze the relationship between energy utilization and industrial structure development is proposed. The multidimensional input–output index system was augmented with a carbon emission constraint. Additionally, two classical data envelopment analysis models were integrated to establish a dynamic measurement model for energy utilization efficiency, ensuring comparability among all decision-making units. From two perspectives of industrial structure, rational degree and advanced degree, the industrial structure development index was proposed to quantitatively characterize the level of regional industrial structure development. Drawing upon the Tapio decoupling theory, an elaborate model for identifying harmonious relationships was constructed to refine the recognition of the harmonious state between energy utilization efficiency and industrial structural development. A city-scale case study was conducted in Heilongjiang Province, a typical energy province in Northern China. The results revealed that: (a) energy utilization efficiency in various cities has exhibited a consistent upward trend, with the average efficiency rising from 0.54 in 2010 to 0.88 in 2020. Core cities like Daqing and Harbin stand out in energy utilization, and the disparity in energy utilization levels between different cities is progressively diminishing; (b) the overall level of industrial structural development has shown a weak downward trend. Harbin has the best industrial structure development level, with a quantitative index higher than 0.8. For some cities with relatively backward industrial structures, it is necessary to clarify new industrial development positioning and promote deep optimization of industrial structures; and (c) the harmonious relationship between energy utilization efficiency and industrial structural development demonstrates stage characteristics, indicating an overall negative decoupling relationship with limited dynamic coordination. These distinct findings will assist in identifying potential solutions for achieving high-quality development in traditional industrial cities under carbon emission constraints.

This paper uses cointegration, Granger non-causality test and impulse response function to explore the interaction between urbanization, evolution of industrial structure and growth of economic. Using annual data ranging across 1981 to 2016, we find that the above three variables have long-term cointegration relationship, and short-term and long-run Granger non-causality test showed that: The evolution of industrial structure has shown a negative impact on urbanization in the short and long term. The growth of economic has a positive effect on the evolution of industrial structure in short and long term. Economic growth has no obvious effect on urbanization in short term, but has shown a positive effect in long term.

Islands are special regional units with unique development models and pathways and because of their locations, resources and environmental advantages, play an important role in the process of national modernization. Here, industrial coefficient variation and shift-share methods were used to explain the evolution of island county economies and the competitiveness of their industrial structures. We found that industrial structures in island counties have undergone a complex evolution, have not followed a pure levo-rotation mode or dextrorotation mode, and have experienced mixed evolutionary modes. The industrial structures in island counties are relatively simple, and the evolution of industrial structures in island counties has an apparent leaping feature. Last, the economic development of 12 focal island counties were divided into five categories in accordance with analysis of their economic development: Competitiveness Strengthened and Structure Optimized; Competitiveness Strengthened but Structure Declined; Competitiveness Weakened but Structure Optimized; Competitiveness Weakened and Structure Declined; and Structure Relatively Stabilized.

In China, the government has made great achievements in mass higher education and intended to promote sustainable economic and social development. However, China still lacks innovation today and is trapped in its low-value-added industrial dilemma. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand how higher education outputs and industrial structure evolution affect each other by analysing evidence from Hubei, China, from 2004 to 2013. This paper quantified higher education outputs into graduate scale, education advancement, and innovation outputs and quantified industrial structure evolution into industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalisation. Next, we applied the Granger causality test, vector auto-regression model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition to explore the causal relationships, response styles, and contribution rates between the indicators. The findings are as follows: (i) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation are the Granger reasons for education advancement, and innovation outputs and graduate scale are the Granger reasons for industrial structure rationalisation; (ii) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation can promote education advancement both quickly and significantly, however, education advancement, in turn, does not contribute to industrial structure evolution; (iii) though the contribution of innovation outputs to industrial structure rationalisation is hysteretic, it is greater than that of the graduate scale.

The country's economic development not only reflects the increase of the GNP, but also must be accompanied by the development of the industrial structure. Through studying the development status of Chinese industrial structure, I summarize the Chinese first industry continues to decline, but the proportion and structure deviation degree are still on the high side. The second industrial proportion is rising slowly. The proportion of the third industry is small, and the development of internal structure is not perfect etc. So I suggest that we must continue to consolidate the foundation of agriculture. Accelerate adjustment of second industry, and increase investment in scientific and technological R & D. We need to promote the productive service industry, consummate the internal structure of the third industry. The purpose is that provide basis and reference for the formulation of government policy of industry structure adjustment.

Research on Regional Innovation from a Structural Perspective：Take Chinese County-Level Areas as Examples