Abstract
As persistent organic pollutants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulate in the bodies of animals and humans, resulting in toxic effects on the reproductive, immune, nervous, and endocrine systems. The biological and toxicological characteristics of enantiomers of chiral PCBs may differ, but these enantioselective effects of PCBs have not been fully characterized. In this study, we performed metabolomics analysis, using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) to investigate the enantioselective toxic effects of PCB95 in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos after exposure to three dose levels of 0.1, 1, and 10 μg/L for 72 h. Multivariate analysis directly reflected the metabolic perturbations caused by PCB95. The effects of (-)-PCB95 and (+)-PCB95 were more prominent than those of the racemate in zebrafish embryos. A total of 26 endogenous metabolites were selected as potential marker metabolites with variable importance at projection values larger than 1 and significant differences (p<0.05). These metabolites included amino acids, organic acids, nucleosides, betaine, and choline. The changes in these biomarkers were dependent on the enantiomer-specific structures of PCB95. Fifteen metabolic pathways were significantly affected, and several nervous and immune system-related metabolites were significantly validated after exposure. These metabolic changes indicated that the toxic effects of PCB95 may be associated with the interaction of PCB95 with the nervous and immune systems, thus resulting in disruption of energy metabolism and liver function.
Highlights
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment and can accumulate in the bodies of animals and humans, resulting in toxicity to the reproductive, immune, nervous and endocrine systems [1]
We performed a metabolomics study of zebrafish embryos after exposure to different forms of chiral PCB95 using UPLC-MS/MS combined with multivariate data analysis
This method allowed for detection of 60 metabolites, and the partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) results demonstrated that (-)- and (+)-PCB95 had more prominent effects in zebrafish embryos than the racemate
Summary
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment and can accumulate in the bodies of animals and humans, resulting in toxicity to the reproductive, immune, nervous and endocrine systems [1]. Enantioselective Effects of PCB95 in Zebrafish Embryos poisoned after eating rice bran oil contaminated with PCBs, and more than 30 people died in 1968 [2]. Enantiomers of chiral PCBs have different biological and toxicological characteristics. The enantiomer fraction (EF) of PCB95 has opposite effects in fish (EF0.5) [4]. Enantiomers of PCB139 exhibit different potencies in inducing cytochrome P450 activity [5]. It is necessary to evaluate the enantioselective effects of chiral PCBs on environmental problems and their risk to human health and the ecological environment
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