Analysis of the chemical constituents and their metabolites in Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. via UHPLC-Q exactive orbitrap-HRMS and AFADESI-MSI techniques.

Jianting Ouyang,Jianting Ouyang,Jianting Ouyang,Jianting Ouyang,Danyao Lin,Danyao Lin,Danyao Lin,Danyao Lin,Xuesheng Chen,Xuesheng Chen,Xuesheng Chen,Xuesheng Chen,Yimeng Li,Yimeng Li,Yimeng Li,Yimeng Li,Qin Liu,Delun Li,Delun Li,Delun Li,Delun Li,Haohao Quan,Haohao Quan,Haohao Quan,Haohao Quan,Xinwen Fu,Xinwen Fu,Xinwen Fu,Xinwen Fu,Qiaoru Wu,Qiaoru Wu,Qiaoru Wu,Qiaoru Wu,Xiaowan Wang,Shouhai Wu,Shouhai Wu,Chuang Li,Chuang Li,Chuang Li,Chuang Li,Yi Feng,Yi Feng,Yi Feng,Wei Mao,Wei Mao,Wei Mao,Wei Mao

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0304852

Abstract

Known for its strong diuretic properties, the perennial herbaceous plant Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. is believed to preserve the kidney disease. This study compared the boiling water extract with powdered Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. and used a highly sensitive and high resolution UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-HRMS technology to evaluate its chemical composition. Furthermore, by monitoring the absorption of prototype components in rat plasma following oral treatment, the beneficial ingredients of the Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. decoction was discovered. Approximately 92 substances underwent a preliminary identification utilizing relevant databases, relevant literature, and reference standards. As the compound differences between the powdered Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. and its water decoction were analyzed, it was found that boiling produced additional compounds, 48 of which were new. 45 blood absorption prototype components and 49 OS metabolites were discovered from rat serum, and a kidney tissue homogenate revealed an additional 28 prototype components. Early differences in the distribution of ferulic acid, cis 4 coumaric acid, and rosmarinic acid were shown using spatial metabolomics. It was elucidated that the renal cortex region is where rosmarinic acid largely acts, offering a theoretical foundation for further studies on the application of OS in the prevention and treatment of illness as well as the preservation of kidney function. In this study, UHPLC-Q Exactive Orbitrap-HRMS was employed to discern OS's chemical composition, and a rapid, sensitive, and broad-coverage AFADESI-MSI method was developed to visualize the spatial distribution of compounds in tissues.

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