Abstract
A serious issue relative to the construction of electronic devices is proper power source selection. This problem is of particular importance when we are dealing with portable devices operating in varying environmental conditions, such as military equipment. A serious problem in the construction of electronic devices is the correct selection of the power source. In these types of devices, lithium-ion batteries are commonly used nowadays, and in particular their variety—lithium iron phosphate battery—LiFePO4. Apart from the many advantages of this type of battery offers, such as high power and energy density, a high number of charge and discharge cycles, and low self-discharge. They also have a major drawback—a risk of damage due to excessive discharge or overcharge. This article studies the process of charging and discharging a battery pack composed of cells with different initial charge levels. An attempt was made to determine the risk of damage to the cells relative to the differences in the initial charge level of the battery pack cells. It was verified, whether the successive charging and discharging cycles reduce or increase the differences in the amount of energy stored in individual cells of the pack.
Highlights
IntroductionThe widespread development of electronics allows for the production of portable devices characterized by high functionality
On the basis of the results obtained, it can be concluded that in the case of a pack consisting of four series-connected APR 18650M 1A batteries with a state of charge (SoC) difference of 3%, the batteries in the final discharge/charging phases operate in non-recommended ranges, which may lead to partial or complete cell degradation
battery management systems (BMS) solved the problem of providing batteries with optimal operating conditions, when energy drawn from the batteries is very low, they can significantly affect the energy efficiency of the power supply system
Summary
The widespread development of electronics allows for the production of portable devices characterized by high functionality. In the case of devices intended for the armed forces or other services operating in difficult environmental conditions, it becomes important to attain the smallest possible dimensions and weight of devices, along with the longest possible period of their operation between either the replacement of the power source or the need to recharge it. With the current level of electronic systems integration, the most common element determining the weight and dimensions of the device is the power source itself. On the one hand, the need to search for energy-saving solutions, characterized by a minimized electricity demand, and on the other hand, to seek light and more efficient power sources. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries are commonly used as a power source in these types of applications. The key benefits are high energy density, high durability, and low self-discharge, while the shortcomings of
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