Analysis of technical standards for boat design: river electromobility of small boats in Colombia

The information on legislative documents of the Russian Federation regulating the activities of companies in the sphere of environmental management, considering environmental standards in design, has been provided. The relevance and feasibility of application of the system-structural process approach at the stage of development and implementation of the environmental management system, considering the environmental standards in design based on the standards GOST R ISO 14006—2022 and GOST R IEC 62430—2023, have been substantiated. The use of the process approach to the environmental management system development considering environmental standards in design based on the systems approach using the well-known PDCA principle has been methodologically substantiated; the basic issues of its applicability have been considered. A matrix of processes and subprocesses is compiled in accordance with the sections of GOST R ISO 14006 and the process typology as provided by ISO/TC 176/SC 2/N 544R3 (company’s management processes; processes of measurement, analysis, and improvement; key processes of resource management); the processes are ranked by their level. A model of the environmental management system has been developed considering environmental standards in design based on the process approach, Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT), and IDEF0 functional modeling methodology. The main context diagram of the environmental management system considering environmental standards in design in IDEF0 notation is developed. The decomposition of processes and subprocesses of the second and third levels has been completed; all their functional connections are described. The provided process modeling methodology allows reaching positive effect as to minimization of costs and time of the development of the environmental management system model, considering environmental standards in design. It has been demonstrated that the process approach applied to design of the system model of environmental management system considering environmental standards in design enables structuring the composition of processes, precise determining of input and output parameters of processes, participants of processes, resources, and ensuring process control and adjustment.

Development of BOATDSS high speed boat design database

This paper presents design, modeling and control of a small autonomous boat (SAB) where an Remote Control (RC) commercial boat is augmented with an embedded system and the required sensors in order to conduct simple maneuvers autonomously. The detailed kinematic and dynamic equations of the SAB are presented and simulation and experimental results for the boat heading control demonstrate the efficacy of SAB. 1 2017 IEEE.

Small boats represent a particular challenge to maritime surveillance due to their ubiquity, low radar cross-section, and absence of AIS transmission. We present a review of previously developed acoustic classification methods and demonstrate the importance of both the engine, and propeller as the two sources of small vessel noise. The features used for classification are extracted using various signal processing methods including signal spectra, spectra of Detection of Envelope Modulation on Noise (DEMON), and Cepstrum. The normalization of the features allowing to remove the dependence of the parameters on the distance to a boat and its speed was conducted. Acoustic signatures of six small boats including a panga, a jetski, an electrical boat, a go fast boat and two speed boats of the type common in the United States were collected by Stevens in a large glacial lake in NJ. The sound sources of various tonal components in the signal spectra are discussed. The program for automated extraction of classification features is presented and the identification of each of the 6 small boats with these features is demonstrated. [This work was supported by DHS’s S&T Directorate.]

The text is intended for use by attorneys, government and private-sector personnel who are actively involved in environmental protection, academicians, and others interested in environmental issues. Standardization is defined as best technical application consensual wisdom inclusive of processes for selection in making appropriate choices for ratification coupled with consistent decisions for maintaining obtained standards. The standards applicable to each sector of the environment. When the European Community sets standards for environmental protection, these do not prevent the “progressive” member states from maintaining or introducing more stringent environmental protection measures. Even if the European Community has adopted protective measures, i.e. set certain environmental standards pursuant to Standardization or standardisation is the process of developing and agreeing upon technical standards. A standard is a document that establishes uniform engineering or technical specifications, criteria, methods, processes, or practices. Some standards are mandatory while others are voluntary. Voluntary standards are available if one chooses to use them. Some are de facto standards, meaning a norm or requirement which has an informal but dominant status. Some standards are de jure, meaning formal legal requirements. Formal standards organizations, such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) or the American National Standards Institute, are independent of the manufacturers of the goods for which they publish standards. The goals of standardization can be to help with independence of single suppliers (commoditization), compatibility, interoperability, safety, repeatability, or quality. In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. Standardization is defined as best technical application consentual wisdom inclusive of processes for selection in making appropriate choices for ratification coupled with consistent decisions for maintaining obtained standards. The ISO 14000 is a standard for environmental management systems that is applicable to any business, regardless of size, location or income. The aim of the standard is to reduce the environmental footprint of a business and to decrease the pollution and waste a business produces. The most recent version of ISO 14001 was released in 2004 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) which has representation from committees all over the world. The ISO 14000 environmental management standards exist to help organizations minimize how their operations negatively affect the environment. Environmental standards is a set of quality conditions that are to be adhared or maintained for a particular environmental component and function. the different environmental activities have different concerns and therefore different standards. The text provides a general overview of why and how the international system elaborates environmental obligations and monitors compliance with them. Second, it discusses the relationship between international obligations and national and local law, with particular reference to federal systems. It indicates another interrelationship, pointing out the influence national law has on the emergence of international law as well as the growing role of international norms in the development and enforcement of national and local environmental policies. Finally, it examines the extent to which environmental protection should be and is taken into account in other regulatory frameworks, from trade law and human rights to disarmament and refugee policy. The basic knowledge provided in this text should allow the reader to undertake further research on topics of environmental regulation at the international level and to understand the implications of international environmental law for national law and policy. In social sciences, including economics, the idea of standardization is close to the solution for a coordination problem, a situation in which all parties can realize mutual gains, but only by making mutually consistent decisions. In almost all fields in european environmental law, the use of standards and thresholds is commonly practiced. Therefore a selection is necessary, and the topic will be discussed with particular reference to the more European- influenced Emission Control Law and the typical national sector of Soil Protection Law. European standardisation offers great potential to advance the protection of our environment.

The goal of this article is to examine and justify the theoretical foundations of identifying the wood processing industry and determine the prospects for achieving its sustainable development in the context of a state of war in Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is driven by the necessity to ensure sustainable use of forest resources, the effective functioning of the industry, and consideration of modern environmental and economic challenges. The study employs a comprehensive research methodology, including the analysis of literary sources and a systemic approach to studying the production and utilization chain of forest resources. Based on the conducted research, key categories such as the wood processing industry, forest management, sawmilling industry, pulp and paper, and furniture industries have been identified. Special emphasis is placed on the interaction between these sectors and ways to optimize the use of forest resources. The article analyzes the component composition of the wood processing industry according to the Classifier of Types of Economic Activity (CPEA-2010) and determines the interconnections between its main branches, such as sawmilling, veneer, particleboard, fiberboard, and furniture industries. It is noted that the wood processing industry is a complex system encompassing both primary and secondary wood processing, paper production, and printing activities. The specificity of production and use of forest resources is determined through the principles of sustainable development. It is proven that the transition to the principles of sustainable development is a priority for the wood processing industry, as it contributes to a balance between economic efficiency, social responsibility, and environmental sustainability. In the context of a state of war, the importance of developing innovative methods of conducting business and production in the wood processing industry is discussed. A comprehensive integrated approach to sustainable development is proposed, wherein various stages of production and use of forest resources interact to achieve common goals: sustainability, efficiency, and a balanced impact on the environment. This approach considers economic, social, and environmental requirements, with a focus on developing the industry in the face of the challenges of a state of war. A systemic view of the production and utilization chain of forest resources allows maximizing the interaction and efficiency of the industry. The practical value of the article lies in the development of recommendations for forming a sustainable development strategy for the wood processing industry in conditions of a state of war. The proposed approaches can serve as a basis for decision-making and implementing state policy in the field of forest use and wood processing, considering modern economic, social, and environmental challenges.

According to the European Union’s primary law, the Union has been mandated with the promotion and protection of environment inside and outside of her territory. In the absence of effective international environmental conventions, the EU has been left with few options in fulfilling her environmental protection mandate. First, it can take the initiator and become a global leader in the elaboration of international environmental agreements. Second, the EU has the option of establishing export standards which subjects all exports of the Union to third countries to internal market’s environmental standards. Third, the EU can set the same standards for imported products from third countries. The final option is to form regional agreements between the EU and third countries and follow the goal of environmental protection at regional level. The current chapter will focus on the last option and efforts of the EU to promote environmental protection standards outside her territories in the framework of the Eastern Partnership Program. This paper studies the environmental status quo and challenges which EaP partner countries are facing, as well as the effects of EU approximation on the environment and climate change of the above-mentioned countries. The paper also describes the tools that are used by the EU in order to implement her environmental initiatives in EaP countries and that are necessary for achieving the most from the application of such tools in each country and at regional level.

South America has compelling reasons to address the climate and environmental crisis. First, the region is highly vulnerable to its impacts due to its economic reliance on natural resources and the susceptibility of its population. Addressing these vulnerabilities is crucial for the well-being of current and future generations. Second, as the global economy shifts toward more sustainable pathways to address the crises, South America has the potential to benefit economically by leveraging its clean energy matrix and abundant reserves of critical minerals, positioning itself as a key supplier in the global transition toward renewable energy and electric mobility. However, challenges such as poverty, inequality, and political and economic instability often divert attention and resources away from environmental priorities, constraining the region’s ability to fully embrace and implement comprehensive environmental policies. Integrating decarbonization efforts with economic diversification objectives could help address environmental and developmental challenges simultaneously, building the necessary internal support for difficult policies. This approach is essential to avoid a new “green resource curse,” which, in South America, would mean remaining limited to being providers of natural resources, but now for a decarbonizing global economy. This scenario could perpetuate historical and persistent social, environmental, and economic challenges. A major obstacle to green industrialization in the region is “structural path dependency”—a phenomenon that typically affects regions heavily reliant on a few low-complexity economic sectors, limiting their capacity to diversify into more complex products. To address this challenge, significant socioeconomic and political efforts are needed. Restricted resources, limited institutional capacities, and heavy dependence on powerful stakeholders, typically linked to carbon-intensive and environmentally damaging activities, hinder effective environmental governance, often leading to a “race to the bottom” where regulatory leniency is granted to attract large extractive investments. Despite the obstacles, external and internal forces are driving positive changes in the region. International pressures, such as border carbon adjustments and environmental standards, are encouraging governments and companies to adopt greener practices. The region is introducing innovations in sustainable agriculture and agroecology, and developing novel technological approaches in the extractive sector. Local movements, civil society organizations, and feminist groups have played a very important role, consistently advocating for better environmental and social outcomes and more democratic decision-making. Their demands have contributed to gradually strengthening environmental institutions. A recent milestone in this direction was the signing of the Escazú Agreement, aimed to improve public access to environmental information and justice, among other initiatives. The region is also gradually advancing in climate policies under the Paris Agreement, as well as in biodiversity protection programs under the Kunming-Montreal Framework. Three key areas of work for a just transformation in the region include: (a) strengthening state capacities for environmental management through essential institutional reforms that empower environmental and social authorities while ensuring comprehensive policy integration across key areas; (b) empowering civil society and local communities and supporting vulnerable groups affected by the transition, as justice in reforms is vital for legitimacy, especially given budget constraints and historical injustices; and (c) advancing diplomatic efforts to elevate global discussions on climate justice and reparations, which are essential for securing financial support and addressing the region’s pervasive sense of injustice.

The fair trade-free trade debate: Trade, labor, and the environment

The accepted industry definition of the concept of local content development in Nigeria refers to "the quantum of composite value added or created in the Nigerian economy through the utilization of indigenous human capabilities and material resources for the provision of goods and services to the petroleum industry, within acceptable quality, health, safety and environment standards" The operating factors here are the in-country ability to add value, and the international competitiveness of such added value. By the nature of its challenges, virtually all human activities in the oil and gas industry emphasize knowledge work as it relates to solving problems, accomplishing given tasks, etc. Organizing, analyzing, creating, and synthesizing information and expertise have today become a core activity of knowledge workers. What with an ageing global workforce, exponentially exploding data volumes, extremely challenging work environment, and an unforgiving competitive landscape? To address these challenges, oil and gas companies around the world are leveraging advances in the field of knowledge management to craft strategies for sustainable growth and competitiveness. Given that the local content players are faced with similar challenges – and perhaps more, given their weak technological financial, and managerial bases – it is argued that a Local Content Knowledge Management System presents a sustainable platform for the creation of a Nigerian value-added that is "within acceptable quality, health, safety and environment standards". In other words, the ability of the local content organizations to survive in the long run depends on their ability to deliver internationally recognizable superior performance which in turn will depend on their collective ability to gain access to, and harness the available institutional knowledge at each given point in time. Knowledge Management (KM) as a discipline borrows extensively from other fields such as social psychology and information technology to provide frameworks for knowledge creation and sharing within social groups known as Communities of Practice (CoP). The paper explores emerging Knowledge Management perspectives and reviews a case study of the application of KM in a leading oil and gas service company's Logging and Perforating business unit. A model "Local Content Knowledge Management System" is presented and suggestions for implementation given.

Abstract. The article examines the relationship between environmental conditions and public health, focusing on the legal aspects of environmental rights protection. The article examines the role of the state in ensuring a proper environmental environment and compliance with environmental standards, which is an integral part of the right to health. The author identifies the key legal mechanisms for the protection of environmental rights and their application in the European legal system. Various environmental violations are highlighted and their impact on human health is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the state is obliged to create appropriate conditions to reduce the risks associated with air, water, soil and other negative environmental factors. In particular, the author considers cases where non-compliance with environmental safety standards leads to a violation of fundamental human rights, such as the right to life and privacy. The author emphasizes the importance of the State's duty not only to create a legislative framework, but also to implement effective mechanisms for controlling and monitoring compliance with these standards. The article pays special attention to the analysis of judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in cases concerning environmental risks and protection of citizens' rights from harmful environmental impact. Specific examples are provided when the court recognized human rights violations due to the failure of the state to ensure an adequate level of environmental safety, which led to a deterioration in public health. The article also highlights the court's position on applications that are declared inadmissible. Based on the analysis of international law, the author determines the importance of environmental standards in the human rights protection system, which is becoming a priority for the international community. The author highlights the responsibilities of the State for creating conditions conducive to preserving and improving the health of citizens through environmental protection. This becomes especially relevant in the context of modern environmental challenges, when effective environmental legislation and its proper implementation can significantly affect the preservation of public health and the guarantee of natural human rights. Key words: right to health care, natural rights, state, European Court of Human Rights

Seaweed is increasingly becoming a crop of interest in aquaculture. Seaweed has potential as a low trophic food source as no fresh water or fertiliser is needed for its growth. However, to start a profitable business in seaweed farming in the North Sea, space is required. Besides that, offshore seaweed farming is met with numerous technical challenges in this sometimes-turbulent environment. To monitor the crop farmers can make use of the latest technology in remote sensing. Potential remote sensing technologies, which could be used in seaweed farming, were identified in 2020. The use of the DIDSON sonar was thought in advance to make the most useful underwater images of the seaweed Saccharina latissima in a test farm in the Oosterschelde. Were in 2020 the first preliminary images were made with the DIDSON. In 2021 the DIDSON was used to make images in the seaweed test farm, in combination with using Humminbird sonar (Helix 12, MSI/GPS G3N). In situ, it was found that handling the DIDSON while in a small boat was a difficult task. Because of movement of the sonar, it was difficult to make sharp images. The DIDSON again did not yield a lot of useful images. However fully convolutional neural network models for image recognition were tested using images from both years. The Humminbird fish finder was not successful in taking any images of seaweed in 2021, though the mussel lines in the same farm could be detected. In 2022 the last sampling was done again using both sonars. This time using different settings, the Humminbird was able to detect the seaweed in the lines in the farm. The images that the Humminbird yielded had a better resolution and quality than those of the DIDSON from the previous years. This data could be used on further expanded neural networks. The images of the Humminbird were used in a classical approach for segmenting in the neural network and showed promise for future use. However the data had a lot of limitation and in follow up studies multiple lines should be measured using the Humminbird sonar. For the deep learning architecture, to further expand the neural network a larger test dataset is needed. Besides the neural network, the biomass of the seaweed was also measured and samples were taken to the institute to measure length and surface area. However there didn’t seem to be a clear correlation between seaweed length and biomass. To be able to estimate biomass from sonar images sufficient biomass measurements need to be made to determine the correlation, before accurate biomass predictions can be made using the segmentation in the neural network.

Diagnosing ‘access’ matters in the governance of moored fishing aggregate devices (MFADs): A perspective for SDG14b from Malta and Guadeloupe

To effectively design, deploy, operate, and retire its fleet of boats, the U.S. Navy requires data-driven testing and evaluation of 50-foot boats throughout the lifecycle of the boat design. This project involves the development of an inexpensive, stand-alone instrumentation box capable of gathering motion, GPS, and engine data for the evaluation of boats and boat designs used by the U.S. Navy. Analysis of the data will reveal causes of failures, human and vehicle exposure to sea conditions, and leading indicators of boat failure. The project builds on a prototype developed during the summer of 2015. Entitled "WAHOO 1.0", the prototype consisted of a BeagleBone Black microcomputer and a 3DM-GX3 miniature inertial sensor. However, the GX3 sensor alone costs $3,700, and the client requires a new system with more cost-efficient sensors. A successful design must cost less than $500 per unit without sacrificing data fidelity, and the code must be easy to access to allow tailoring of reports for mission-specific environments. The revised system, WAHOO 2.0, is being developed with the same BeagleBone microcomputer along with less expensive IMU and GPS sensors, which are attached to the microcomputer via a custom expansion board. The system utilizes a battery capable of powering WAHOO 2.0 for at least 24 hours. The system is housed in a waterproof enclosure with a clear lid to allow viewing of live status LEDs for cursory reporting of errors. The system will provide the user automatically-generated one-page summary reports based on the collected data, while also storing the raw data for more sophisticated analyses and providing the capability to add automatic tests to the system as needed.

So-called “soap boats” have been known for decades and can be used to demonstrate the Marangoni effect. Inspired by recent scientific work, this paper reports an improved demonstration: a “soap boat 2.0”. With this demonstration, a floating object (typically polystyrene foam) can be propelled along the water surface for up to several minutes. The direction of motion (straight, left-handed, or right-handed circles) can be influenced by the boat design. Three easy-to-make and effective boat designs are presented, and fifteen “fuels” have been considered with regard to safety, effectiveness, duration, ease of use, and availability. Some other possible variations of the demonstration are also proposed. The demonstration can be done with any age group, lasts for up to several minutes, and can be turned into a student project of varying length. Readily available materials (e.g., polystyrene foam) and benign household chemicals (e.g., ≥10% 2-propanol (“rubbing alcohol”) in water) can be used.