Abstract
Objective: To define the sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters in a Brazilian population sample composed of asymptomatic volunteers. Methods: Fifty healthy adult individuals volunteered to participate in this study. The exclusion criteria included spinal deformity or improper radiograph study. In each radiograph exam in profile view, the sagittal balance and spinopelvic parameters were evaluated, including vertical sagittal axis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt and pelvic incidence. Results: The data obtained in this study are according to the values presented in the worldwide literature. None of the radiographic parameters showed any differences between the genders. Comparing the values presented in this study with those of other reports, with different populations, it was observed that: there was no significant difference in any of the pelvic parameters between Brazilian and Korean populations; there was a significant difference in pelvic incidence between Brazilian and European populations in a total sample (p=0.0001), in males (p=0.02), and in females (p=0.0007); there was a difference in sacral slope between Brazilian and European populations in a total sample (p=0.0140), and in females (p=0.005). Conclusion: There were no differences in any parameter in terms of gender. There were no differences in pelvic incidence between Brazilian and Korean populations. There was a difference in pelvic incidence between Brazilian and European populations, in the total sample and in males and females. There was a difference in sacral slope between Brazilian and European populations in a total sample, and in females.
Highlights
The vertebral spine plays an important role in the support and locomotion of the human body
The role of the pelvis has been widely recognized in the evaluation of spinal balance and alignment[5,6,7], with the introduction of the concepts of Pelvic Incidence (PI), Pelvic Tilt (PT), and Sacral Slope (SS)
It has been reported that normal adult sagittal alignment falls within a narrow margin in the pelvis, with an average sagittal vertical axis value in asymptomatic adults described as 0.5 cm (± 2.5 cm) from the posterior-superior corner of the sacrum.[3]
Summary
The vertebral spine plays an important role in the support and locomotion of the human body. An understanding of the elements that compose it is essential for learning about its role in body balance and alignment.[1,2,3,4]. Deformities of the sagittal plane, such as loss of lumbar lordosis, can cause anterior inclination of the trunk, affecting sagittal balance. The main causes of loss of sagittal balance are degenerative diseases, inadequate fixation of the lumbar spine, post-traumatic deformity, and ankylosing spondylitis. In the initial stages of deformity, retroversion of the pelvis may compensate for the loss of sagittal balance, but with the progression of degenerative changes, its capacity to accommodate the trunk is exceeded, associated with an increase in the energy expended to maintain erect posture, causing pain, fatigue, and functional disability.[7,8]
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