Analysis of rainfall patterns in Kalimantan using fast fourier transform (FFT) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF)

Abstract

Rainfall patterns in Kalimantan are generally divided into 2 types, namely monsoonal and equatorial. The pattern can be determined by analyzing the 6-month frequency of rainfall signal. This analysis has been carried out on general data in Indonesia, but no one has yet examined it in detail in Kalimantan. Therefore, this study will analyze the 6-month frequency signal and rainfall patterns spatially and temporally in Kalimantan using TRMM 3B42RT as the main data. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is applied to analyze the 6-month frequency of rainfall signal, while the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) method is applied to reduce data and obtain the main pattern of rainfall in Kalimantan. The results of FFT analysis in 15 cities of Kalimantan show that the rainfall pattern in Samarinda, Sendawar, Tarakan, Tanjungselor, Malinau, Pangkalanbun, Pontianak, Ketapang, and Sintang are an equatorial type, while a monsoonal type appear in Balikpapan, Palangkaraya, Purukcahu, Banjarmasin, Kotabaru and Barabai. Moreover, based on the results of FFT and EOF analysis, most areas in West, East and North Kalimantan have an equatorial rainfall pattern. Meanwhile, most areas in Central and South Kalimantan have a monsoonal rainfall pattern.