Analysis of Production Costs of CO2 Capture Technologies at Industrial and Energy Facilities

The research relevance is determined by the constant development and changes in the production environment and technological requirements to ensure increased safety, durability, and efficiency of industrial and energy facilities. The study aims to analyse methods and strategies for improving the efficiency of welding and joint quality control, to achieve greater stability and reliability of energy facilities. The methods used include observation, comparative and descriptive, monitoring, abstraction, and others. The study analysed various welding technologies and their impact on the quality of welded joints. Various methods of calculating welded structures concerning materials and technical requirements were considered. In addition, various methods of quality control of welded joints, including visual inspection and non-destructive testing, were investigated. The study determined that the correct choice of technology, calculations and quality control can improve the strength, reliability, safety, and economic feasibility of welded structures. The studied welding technologies and quality control methods used are more effective for use in specific conditions and there is no general solution. In addition, the proper application of these methods demonstrated that they can significantly reduce the recovery time and increase the overall productivity of the process of restoring industrial and energy facilities. Therefore, the optimal use of welding technologies and quality control methods can significantly improve the efficiency and durability of industrial and energy facilities. The practical significance of the study is to contribute to improving the safety, reliability, and efficiency of the rehabilitation of industrial and energy facilities by improving the quality control procedures for welded joints

The in-hospital costs of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have not been well established. To evaluate the in-hospital costs of ECMO technology in both US and non-US settings for all patient types. Systematic review of English-language articles, using the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and EconLit databases. Searches consisted of the terms 'ECMO' AND 'health expenditures' or 'resource use' or 'costs' or 'cost analysis' or 'cost(-)effectiveness' or 'cost(-)benefit' or 'cost(-)utility' or 'economic(-)evaluation' or 'economic' or 'QALY' or 'cost per quality-adjusted life year'. Only full scientific research articles were included. The exclusion criteria included papers that focused on pumpless ECMO, simulation training or decision support systems; papers that did not include human subjects or were not written in English; papers that did not mention ECMO, costs, economics or resource utilization; and papers that included only outside-hospital, infrastructure capital or device capital costs. Data extraction was completed by one author, using predefined criteria. From the database searches, 1371 results were returned, 226 records underwent a full review and 18 studies were included in the final review. Three papers studied adult populations, two studied adult and paediatric populations, five studied only paediatric populations, one studied a paediatric and neonatal population, and the remaining seven exclusively examined ECMO in neonatal populations. The sample sizes ranged from 8 to 8753 patients. ECMO for respiratory conditions was the most common diagnosis category, followed by congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and then cardiac conditions. Most papers (n = 14) used retrospective cost collection. Only eight papers stated the perspective of the cost analysis. The results show a large variation in the cost of ECMO over multiple cost categories (e.g., range of total in-hospital costs of treatment: USD 42,554-537,554 [in 2013 values]). In the U.S.A., the reported costs of ECMO were highest for CDH repair, followed by cardiac conditions, and lowest for respiratory conditions. The US charges were highest for cardiac conditions. Outside the U.S.A., the ECMO cost was highest for cardiac conditions, followed by respiratory conditions, and lowest for CDH repair. No non-US studies reported charges. The current literature shows that a large variation exists in the in-hospital cost estimates for ECMO. Further research is needed to understand how the diagnosis, setting and other factors relate to this variation in the cost of this technology. Reliable costing methodologies and cost information will be critical to inform policymakers and stakeholders wishing to maximize the value of advanced medical technologies such as ECMO.

Relevance. The construction of energy facilities in the city of Kursk is interconnected with the history of urban infrastructure development, the construction of industrial facilities and residential neighborhoods. The construction of the first energy facilities is associated with a shortage in the provision of electricity and heat to the buildings and structures under construction in the city of Kursk. The decision to build thermal power plants was in unison with the reconstruction work after the Great Patriotic War. Thus, the energy potential of the year of Kursk, formed in the early 50s of the twentieth century, has been functioning productively up to the present time.The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the main stages of construction and development trends of large energy facilities in the city of Kursk in the period 1950s 1980s. The objective of the research is to study the process of formation and modernization of energy facilities at various stages of the formation of the urban appearance of the city of Kursk.Methodology. As a methodological basis for the work, general and specific methods of scientific analysis were used, which form the basis of historical science, based on the principle of historicism, the principle of objectivity, and the principle of consistency.Results. In the course of studying and summarizing published and archival sources, it was revealed that the creation of the energy complex of the city of Kursk in the period 1950s–1980s. is associated with the introduction of technologically advanced domestic turbine and electrical equipment, centralized heating systems and advanced energy production technologies, which made it possible to form a modern energy potential of the city.Conclusion. During the study of published and archival sources, it can be concluded that the construction of energy facilities made it possible to ensure the supply of thermal and electrical energy to consumers and industrial facilities in the city of Kursk. These facts can contribute to the development of a strategy for improving and modernizing modern energy facilities in the city of Kursk.

Evaluation of potential cost reductions from improved amine-based CO 2 capture systems

The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Fossil Energy Program has adopted a comprehensive, multi-pronged approach to the research and development (R&D) of advanced carbon dioxide (CO2) capture technologies for coal-based power plants. Under this program, the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is conducting research to develop the next generation of advanced capture concepts for coal-based power plants. Research projects are carried out using various funding mechanisms - including partnerships, cooperative agreements, and financial assistance grants - with corporations, small businesses, universities, nonprofit organizations, and other national laboratories and government agencies. Current efforts cover not only improvements to state-of-the-art, first generation technologies, but also the development of second and third generation advanced CO2 capture technologies. In addition, DOE/NETL is conducting technical-economic analyses to establish the baseline cost and performance for current CO2 capture technologies and determine the feasibility of advanced capture and compression technologies. The overall goal of the DOE/NETL CO2 capture R&D program is to develop advanced technologies that achieve at least 90 percent CO2 capture with a corresponding cost and energy penalty reduction of 50 percent compared to current state-of-the art technologies applied to pulverized coal combustion and integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) power plants. Critical R&D targets include the completion of laboratory- and small pilot-scale testing of a broad spectrum of CO2 capture approaches, including advanced solvents, sorbents, membranes, oxy-combustion, and chemical looping combustion by 2016; completion of large pilot-scale testing by 2020; and full-scale demonstrations of the most promising technologies beginning by 2020. It is anticipated that successful progression from laboratory-through full-scale demonstration will result in several of these advanced technologies being available for commercial deployment by 2030. The purpose of this paper is to provide an update on the R&D efforts of advanced post-combustion CO2 capture technologies for coal-based power systems being conducted by DOE/NETL. INTRODUCTION The primary mission of DOE's Office of Fossil Energy (FE) is to "ensure the availability of near-zero atmospheric emissions, abundant, affordable, domestic energy to fuel economic prosperity, strengthen energy security, and enhance environmental quality." Furthermore, FE's Clean Coal Research Program (CCRP) - administered by the Office of Clean Coal and implemented by NETL - has a mission to "create technology and technology-based policy options for public benefit by enhancing U.S. economic, environmental, and energy security." This mission is achieved by developing technologies to enhance the clean use of domestic fossil fuels and to reduce emissions from fossil-fueled electricity generation plants to achieve near-zero atmospheric emissions power production. CCRP is designed to remove environmental concerns related to coal use by developing a portfolio of innovative technologies, including those for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). DOE/NETL recently introduced the term "utilization" to the more commonly used phrase of "carbon capture and storage (CCS)" to reflect the growing importance of developing beneficial uses for captured CO2. At this time, the most significant utilization for CO2 is in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) operations. Conducted in partnership with the private sector, the program's R&D efforts are focused on maximizing the efficiency and environmental performance of advanced coal technologies while minimizing development and deployment costs.

Uncertainty analysis is a key element of sound techno-economic analysis (TEA) of CO2 Capture and Storage (CCS) technologies and systems, and in the communication of TEA results. Many CCS technologies are relatively novel, with only few large-scale projects constructed and in operation to date. Therefore, uncertainties in technology performance and costs are often substantial, making it imperative that they be characterized and reported. Although uncertainty analysis itself is not novel, with some methods already frequently used by the CCS TEA community, a document that provides a comprehensive overview of methods and approaches, as well as guidance on their selection and use, is still lacking. Given its importance, we seek to fill this gap by providing a critical review of uncertainty analysis methods along with guidance on the selection and use of these methods for CCS TEAs, highlighting good practice and examples from the CCS literature. The paper starts by identifying the different audiences for CCS TEAs, the different modelling approaches available for CCS technology performance and cost analysis, and the different roles that uncertainty analysis may play. It then continues to discuss established, as well as emerging, uncertainty analysis methods and addresses how and when each method is best used, as well as common pitfalls. We argue that the most commonly used method of one-parameter-at-a-time ‘local’ sensitivity analysis may often be a suboptimal choice, and that other approaches may be more suitable or lead to more insight, especially since uncertainty analysis software is becoming more widespread and easier to use. Finally, the paper discusses the benefits of advanced uses of uncertainty analysis in, for instance, the design of CCS experiments or in the design and planning of CCS infrastructure. Sound uncertainty analysis has an important role to play in TEAs of CCS technologies and systems, and there are many opportunities to bring the use of uncertainty analysis to a higher level than currently practiced. This review of and guidance on available methods is intended to help accelerate continued methods development and their application to more robust and meaningful CCS performance and costing studies.

A review on solid adsorbents for carbon dioxide capture

As the energy sector undergoes a profound digital transformation, demanding a fusion of resilience, efficiency, and cutting-edge technology, 5G technology emerges as a beacon, promising not just enhanced connectivity but a holistic transformation of how we conceive and manage energy infrastructure. This work aims to provide an in-depth exploration for experts in the energy domain, unraveling the innovative aspects of 5G through the demonstration of important achievements and results of the Horizon 2020 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership (5G-PPP) Phase-3 5G-VICTORI’s Project and its trial results on the impact of 5G technology in an energy facility located in the city of Patras, Greece.

The cost of CO2 avoidance depends on a wide variety of factors and assumptions whose impacts have not been fully considered in past assessments of carbon capture and sequestration technologies. Development of improved technology to capture and sequester the CO2 emitted by power plants using fossil fuels—especially coal—is the subject of major research efforts worldwide. The attraction of this option is that it would allow abundant world resources of fossil fuels to be used for power generation and other applications without contributing significantly to atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases. The two key barriers to carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), however, are the high cost of current CO2 capture technologies, and uncertainties regarding the technical, economic and political feasibility of CO2 storage options. As part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (USDOE's) Carbon Sequestration Program, an integrated modeling framework has been developed to evaluate the performance and costs of alternative CO2 capture and sequestration technologies for fossil-fueled power plants, in the context of multi-pollutant control requirements. This model (called the IECM-CS) allows for explicit characterization of the uncertainty or variability in any or all model input parameters. This chapter reviews the major sources of uncertainty or variability in CO2 cost estimates, and then uses the IECM-CS to analyze uncertainties in CO2 mitigation costs for currently available (amine-based) COR capture technologies applicable to coal-fired power plants.

Economic feasibility of CHP facilities fueled by biomass from unused agriculture land: Case of Croatia

Introduction. During a special military operation, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are actively used by the enemy to attack industrial and energy facilities of the Russian Federation. One of the most effective ways to protect objects from UAVs is the use of enclosing structures using trapping nets. They make it possible to prevent the UAV from contacting the enclosing structures of a building or structure and minimize the consequences of an explosive charge explosion. Research methods. Calculation methods based on the formulas of M.A. Sadovsky were used to determine the permissible distances from the UAV-trapping grids to the enclosing structures of the object. The deflection of the grids was determined by the calculation method by solving a partial differential equation describing the transverse vibrations of the membrane. Objective: To determine the possibility of using mesh structures to prevent damage to industrial, energy and civil facilities by damaging explosive explosion factors carried by UAVs. Tasks. Selection and justification of calculation methods for assessing the degree of damage by an explosive charge to the protected object and the magnitude of the deflection of the grids during an attack of the UAV; calculation of the permissible distance from the trapping mesh structures to the enclosing structures of a building or structure; assessment of the deflection of the grids under the dynamic influence of the UAV. Results. Calculations performed within the framework of the study made it possible to determine the permissible distances from the trapping mesh structures to a building or structure with different explosive masses; the deflection values of the grids under the dynamic influence of UAVS on them. Conclusions. The calculations of the distance from the trapping mesh structures to the protected objects made it possible to identify the effectiveness of this method of ensuring security in the event of a UAV attack. The materials of grids and structures of supporting elements used in construction make it possible to implement physical (passive) protection against UAVS in practice.

A handbook on ``A Method for the Assessment of Site-specific Econoomic Impacts of Industrial and Commercial Biomass Energy Facilities`` has been prepared by Resource Systems Group Inc. under contract to the Southeastern Regional Biomass Energy Program (SERBEP). The handbook includes a user-friendly Lotus 123 spreadsheet which calculates the economic impacts of biomass energy facilities. The analysis uses a hybrid approach, combining direct site-specific data provided by the user, with indirect impact multipliers from the US Forest Service IMPLAN input/output model for each state. Direct economic impacts are determined primarily from site-specific data and indirect impacts are determined from the IMPLAN multipliers. The economic impacts are given in terms of income, employment, and state and federal taxes generated directly by the specific facility and by the indirect economic activity associated with each project. A worksheet is provided which guides the user in identifying and entering the appropriate financial data on the plant to be evaluated. The WLAN multipliers for each state are included in a database within the program. The multipliers are applied automatically after the user has entered the site-specific data and the state in which the facility is located. Output from the analysis includes a summary of direct and indirect income, employment and taxes. Case studies of large and small wood energy facilities and an ethanol plant are provided as examples to demonstrate the method. Although the handbook and program are intended for use by those with no previous experience in economic impact analysis, suggestions are given for the more experienced user who may wish to modify the analysis techniques.

The intensification of production at petrochemical, construction, industrial, and energy companies and the aging of equipment at major technological and energy facilities lead to increased emissions of toxic and dusty substances into the air, soil, and water. As a result of the ecosystem cycle, these chemical compounds enter the soil and water, causing pollution. The main task of environmental expertise is to determine the degree of risk and safety of industrial activity, organize a program of expert assessment of industrial production facilities, establish compliance of facilities with the requirements of environmental legislation, examine the quality of natural resources, form a balance of quality criteria for the environmental safety of facilities and the environment, assess the negative impact of industrial and municipal structures on the environment, and expertly evaluate programs for the introduction of new technology. Air monitoring is necessary to detect the effects of pollutants and their impact on: corrosion of structures, erosion of land resources, impact on human health, impact on flora and the environment, water pollution, and food contamination. The article highlights the basic concepts for building information and measuring systems (laser concentrometer and opto-galvanic sensors) for rapid analysis of environmental pollution such as air, water, and soil in emergency and extreme situations. The air and water pollution was detected around energy facilities and various industrial production facilities that are at risk of military attack. The article describes the development and construction of a laser information and measurement system for measuring dust in the atmosphere and presents the results of a study of the chemical pollution of water wells in various industries.

The issues of influence and assessment of pollutant emissions from industrial facilities, that also include energy facilities, are attracting more attention in the world. However, the process of conducting such studies is complicated by the fact that: it is required to attract experts from the field of energy and ecology, the availability of a large amount of data on the technical characteristics of energy facilities and burned fuels, it is necessary to consider various factors such as weather, relief, and many others. The article discusses the pro-posed methodological approach to assessing the impact of power facilities on the environment, technology and algorithms for supporting such studies, tools that allows to perform such research. The article also presents the results of computational experiments carried out as a result of approbation of technology and tools.KeywordsImpact assessmentEnergy objectsEnergyEnvironment

Nowadays, the problems of the impact of pollutants’ emissions from industrial facilities, which include energy facilities, are attracting more and more attention in the world. Different international and governmental organizations issue decrees and recommendations on pollutants emission reduction. This, in turn, requires technologies and tools to assess the impact of current facilities, develop recommendations for them to reduce the emissions, and perform evaluation of impact for planned facilities. This article discusses a proposed technology for impact assessment of energy facilities on region’s environment, methods that are used by this technology. Also, architecture and main components of the scientific prototype of intelligent decision-making support system to support this technology are provided and results of approbation are shown.