Abstract
Equiangular Channel Pressing (ECAP) is by far the most promising technique, by the severe plastic deformation (SPD) method, being able to produce large volumes of materials sufficient for practical applications. The ECAP process can be repeated until refining saturation is reached, leading to large amounts of shear strain. The reason behind the exceptional properties obtained in materials processed by ECAP was attributed to the microstructure of the material obtained in this deformation process. This work investigated the ECAP strain variables in the literature in order to analyze the effect of each of these on the microstructure of processed materials. The articles were collected from the following databases: ScienceDirect and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) electronic library, as they include national and international literature. Based on the results found, it could be seen that several parameters must be analyzed to deform pure metals and alloys, to refine the microstructure, such as bending angle and channel angle of the strain matrix, number of passes, and pressing temperature. It was possible to verify that changes in these variables configure changes in the microstructure.
Highlights
Metal processing through severe plastic deformation (SPD) has attracted a lot of attention due to the potential to achieve grain refinement at the submicron level, and in some conditions, at the nanometer scale (Valiev, Lowe & Mukherjee, 2000)
Conventional SPD processing can be applied relatively to a wide range of metal alloys without the need to make any significant changes to processing variables (Xu et al, 2005)
This report aims to analyze in the literature the processing variables that interfere with Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) deformation
Summary
Metal processing through severe plastic deformation (SPD) has attracted a lot of attention due to the potential to achieve grain refinement at the submicron level, and in some conditions, at the nanometer scale (Valiev, Lowe & Mukherjee, 2000). Among the various SPD techniques, the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) method is by far the most promising technique, being able to produce large volumes of materials, sufficient for practical applications. ECAP metal processing has become important for the production of materials with exceptionally small grain sizes (Valiev & Langdon, 2006). This SPD technique imposes much higher deformations on the crystal lattice, capable of producing an ultra-fine grain (UFG) microstructure not obtained with conventional cold working methods such as cold rolling, twisting and compression (Valiev, 2004)
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