Analysis of preventive behaviours related to covid-19 among colombian people

In the context of mental health, university students have been considered a vulnerable population. However, limited studies have underscored the association between preventive health behaviour levels and mental health effects among nursing students. The current cross‐sectional study provides a comparative analysis of the impact of mental health factors on nursing students in Japan and the United States (US) in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. The study consisted of 878 participants, comprising both undergraduate and graduate nursing students from four universities in Japan, and one from the US. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyse the participant data in this study. In contrast to the American students, the Japanese students demonstrated significantly lower levels of perceived control and significantly higher levels of preventive health behaviours. Furthermore, Japanese students exhibited significantly higher levels of stress and/or symptoms of depression induced by the social distancing orders compared to the American students (z = −4.218, P < 0.001). However, no difference was observed after adjusting for perceived control, individual factors, socio‐economic factors, and preventive behaviours. During the pandemic, risk factors that can worsen mental health among the nursing students included younger age [odds ratio (95%CI) = 0.62 (0.48–0.81)], women [OR = 2.17 (1.02–4.61)], higher preventive health behaviour [OR = 1.05 (1.02–1.08)], lower perceived control [OR = 0.97 (0.94–0.99)], and lower perceived health competence [OR = 0.93 (0.90–0.96)]. Thus, this study recommends establishing training programmes that enhance perceived control and perceived health competence while encouraging preventive behaviour to support the mental health of nursing students, particularly young female students.

Oral health is a determinant for quality of life and preventive behaviours such as regular tooth brushing can reduce the risk of a wide spectrum of oral diseases. Adopting preventive behaviours increases the likelihood of being healthy and can be conditioned by demographic and socio-economic factors.Objective: This study aims to describe preventive oral hygiene behaviours in the Portuguese population and assess their association with sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors.Material and methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic study was developed using data from the first Portuguese National Health Examination Survey. The target population comprised Portuguese community-dwelling residents aged between 25 and 74 years old. The percentage of individuals who brushed their teeth at least twice a day, provided that once was before sleeping, was considered the indicator showing a preventive behaviour, as this is recommended by the General Directorate of Health in Portugal. Poisson regression was used to identify factors independently associated with this behaviour.Results: Sixty-five per cent of the participants reported tooth brushing as recommended. The prevalence of adoption of this preventive behaviour was higher among those living in urban areas and those who have higher educational level. Results show an association between being male and having low educational level with lesser adoption of preventive oral health behaviours.Conclusion: These findings suggest a need for integrated approaches, from measures tackling social inequalities to actions focused on improving health literacy. It is also important to expand dental healthcare services and improve effective coverage to increase access for rural population.

Preventive health is an emerging area of growing interest that not only influences the well-being and health of the population but also has effects on the economy. This work analyzes the 'buttons' that can be pushed to influence preventive health behaviours. The aim is to study how the perception of severity and risk of a disease influence preventive behaviours. In addition, the possible limitations associated with this type of action, in the form of rejection of imposed preventive health behaviours, are assessed. The data come from a quantitative cross-sectional study in which information was gathered from a sample of adults over the age of 65 with a chronic disease. When actions that restrict the freedom of older adults are imposed, their adoption of preventive health behaviours is not impaired by the lack of freedom per se, nor by the anger elicited by this situation. However, the negative thoughts provoked by the lack of freedom decrease preventive behaviour compliance. In addition, preventive health behaviours can be incentivized by convincing older adults of the negative consequences of the health threat which is to be avoided. On the contrary, the susceptibility, or possibility of experiencing the health threat, does not influence their motivation to engage in preventive health behaviour. According to the results, information on preventive health behaviours should be aimed at improving the perception of autonomy, reducing negative cognitions, and communication campaigns should prioritize risks associated with the severity of the threat over those associated with vulnerability.

Aims: To assess dental health attitudes and their association with preventive behaviours among middle-aged Lithuanian university employees. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among all 35-44-year old employees (n=862) of four Universities in Lithuania. Assessment of preventive dental health behaviours included reported preventive dental visits (check-ups) and reported frequency of tooth-brushing. Dental attitudes were assessed with 5 statements on a 5- point Likert scale from entirely agree (score 5) to entirely disagree (score 1). Data on demographic characteristics were collected and included: gender, marital status, education and income. Statistical evaluation was by ANOVA and Chi- square test. Results: A total of 553 (64%) subjects responded of whom 79% (n=439) were women, 72% (n=397) were married/ cohabiting, 82% (n=451) had a university degree. In addition, 39% (n=214) of the sample reported a medium household income, while 38% (n=210) were below and 23% (n=124) above it. A preventive check-up as the reason for habitual dental attendance was reported by 51% (n=282) of respondents, significantly more often by women (54% vs. 40%, p=0.011) and by those with higher income (61% vs. 44%, p=0.008). Of the sample 68% (n=374) reported brushing their teeth at least twice daily, significantly more often by women (73% vs. 50%, p&amp;lt;0.001) and those with university education (70% vs. 57%, p=0.013). The average sum score of statements on dental health attitudes assessment was 22.6 (SD=2.0, range 15-25). Higher scores for dental health attitudes were reported by those habitually visiting a dentist for preventive check-ups (22.9 vs. 22.3, p&amp;lt;0.001) and brushing their teeth at least twice daily (22.9 vs. 22.0, p&amp;lt;0.001), also by women (22.8 vs. 22.1, p=0.001) and those with university education (22.7 vs. 22.3, p=0.028). Conclusions: In the population studied the women and subjects with university education demonstrated better dental health attitudes. Preventive dental health behaviour was associated with better dental health attitudes among middleaged Lithuanians.

What's the beef with gene editing? An investigation of factors influencing U.S. consumers’ acceptance of beef from gene-edited cattle

Background Canadian population-level research indicates that ethnic minority groups experience the highest rates and poorest control of hypertension. It is unclear how individuals’ attitudes and beliefs about hypertension, which are linked to hypertension prevention and management, may differ across ethnic communities. Understanding potential differences in perceptions of hypertension among ethnic communities is needed to contextualize current population-level research and to challenge policy or drive practice change that address the burden of hypertension among minority populations. Method The purpose of this research was to describe perceptions of hypertension across four ethnic communities in Canada (White, Black, East/Southeast Asian, and South Asian). A survey ascertaining individuals’ awareness, beliefs, and preventive health behaviours with respect to hypertension risk and control was distributed across Canada. A purposive sampling strategy was used to promote a balanced representation across the four ethnic groups. Descriptive statistics and chi squared analyses were applied to characterize the participant sample and to determine the effects of ethnic grouping on perceptions of hypertension. Results Participants (N = 1003) identified as East/Southeast Asian (26.52%), South Asian (26.62%), Black (26.62%) or White (19.94%), and the number of participants &amp;lt;40 years was nearly equivalent to participants aged 41-80 (49.5%; 50.5%). Across groups, participants were predominantly English-speaking (45.06%), women (58.92%), with Canadian citizenship (69.59%) but many were born outside of Canada (59.32%). A small portion of participants (15.8%) reported having high blood pressure. There were no significant differences across ethnic groups in knowledge of hypertension (p=.057), but groups differed in perceptions of hypertension risk factors (p=.001), reported challenges managing hypertension risk (p=.034) and preventive health behaviours (p=0.0001). Specifically, chi-square tests of independence demonstrated that the choice to limit the intake of trans/saturated fats (X2(3)= 25.74, p&amp;lt;.0001, j = 0.16), alcohol (X2(3)= 41.63, p&amp;lt;.0001, j = 0.20), tobacco (X2(3)=36.84, p&amp;lt;.0001, j =0.19), and to exercise on a regular basis (X2(3)= 50.37, p&amp;lt;.0001, j = 0.22) differed significantly by ethnicity. There were significant differences by ethnicity in speaking to a religious/spiritual leader (X2(3)=69.40, p&amp;lt;.0001, j =0.263) and engaging on social media to understand hypertension risk and management (X2(3)=26.46, p&amp;lt;.0001, j =0.16). Conclusion This study provides preliminary evidence that perceptions of hypertension risk and prevention differ across ethnic groups. Larger, comparative studies that examine the potency of ethnicity on hypertension awareness, beliefs, and preventive behaviours are needed to provide the foundation for the development of culturally sensitive hypertension care practices and educational opportunities for specific ethnic groups.

QUARANTINE APRIL IN UKRAINE: THOUGHTS, EXPERIENCES, BEHAVIOUR FACED WITH THE THREAT OF COVID-19

Negative attitudes and beliefs about depression treatment may prevent many young adults from accepting a diagnosis and treatment for depression. We undertook a study to determine the association between depressive symptom severity, beliefs about and attitudes toward treatment, subjective social norms, and past behavior on the intent not to accept a physician's diagnosis of depression. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 10,962 persons aged 16 to 29 years who participated and had positive screening results on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) score in an Internet-based public health depression screening program. Participants reported whether they would accept their physician's diagnosis of depression. Based on the theory of reasoned action, we developed a multivariate model of the factors that predict intent not to accept a diagnosis of depression. Twenty-six percent of the participants stated their intent not to accept their physician's diagnosis of depression. Disagreeing that medications are effective in treating depression (strongly disagree, odds ratio ( OR ) = 6.5, 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.6-9.3), that there is a biological cause for depression (strongly disagree, OR = 1.9, 95% CI, 1.3-2.7), and agreeing that you would be embarrassed if your friends knew you had depression were associated with the intent not to accept a diagnosis of depression (strongly agree, OR = 2.3, 95% CI, 1.8-2.9). Beliefs and attitudes, subjective social norms, and past behavior explained most of the variance in this model (84%). Negative beliefs and attitudes, subjective social norms, and lack of past helpful treatment experiences are associated with the intent to not accept the diagnosis of depression and may contribute to low rates of treatment among young adults.

Preventing erosion of oral polio vaccine acceptance: A role for vaccinator visits and social norms

The objective was to test the applicability of an adapted form of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to the behavior of visiting art exhibitions. A sample responded to a questionnaire on intention and behavior to visit art exhibitions, and on attitudes, subjective social norms, perceived behavioral control and motives related to such behavior. After an exploratory principal components analysis and a reliability analysis, a path analysis was used to test the previewed model. Responses to an additional open question on motives were subjected to thematic analysis. Results partially confirmed the application of TPB to visiting art exhibitions, with subjective social norms, perceived behavioral control and motives with an indirect significant effect on behavior mediated by intention. Subjective social norm had also a significant effect on behavior, while a gap was found between the latter and intention. Furthermore, a variety of motives for visiting art exhibitions were identified. Results help to understand and suggest ways to reduce the mentioned gap and increase the behavior of visiting art exhibitions, considering its potential for personal development and quality of life.

One of the consequences of climate change is the growing number of extreme weather events, including heat waves, which have substantial impacts on the health of populations. From a public health standpoint, it is vital to ensure that people can adapt to high heat, particularly in cities where heat islands abound. Identifying indicators to include in a parsimonious index would help better differentiate individuals who adapt well to heat from those who do not adapt as well. This study aimed at developing and validating a summer heat adaptation index for residents of the 10 largest cities in the province of Québec, Canada. A sample of 2000 adults in 2015 and 1030 adults in 2016 completed a telephone questionnaire addressing their adoption (or non-adoption) of behaviours recommended by public health agencies to protect themselves during periods of high temperature, and their perceptions of how high summer heat affects their mental and physical health. Item analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, multiple correspondence analysis, measurement invariance analyses and criterion-validity analyses were used to develop a 12-behaviour heat adaptation index for distinguishing between individuals who adapt well to high temperatures and those who do not adapt as well. The results indicated that the measurement and the factor structure of the index were invariant (equivalent) across the two independent samples of participants who completed the questionnaire at different times one year apart, an important prerequisite for unambiguous interpretation of index scores across groups and over time. The results also showed that individuals who perceived more adverse effects on their physical or mental health adopted more preventive behaviours during periods of high temperatures and humidity conditions compared to those who felt lesser or no effects. This study thus presents support for the validity of the index that could be used in future studies to monitor preventive behaviours adoption during summer periods of high temperature.

The Indonesian government and financial institutions have promoted the adoption of digital payments among small businesses to improve efficiency and economic inclusion. This study aims to examine the factors influencing micro sellers’ intention to adopt non-cash payment technology. A quantitative approach was employed, with an estimated population of 876 sellers in Pasar Wisma Asri, North Bekasi. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using PLS-SEM through SmartPLS. The results indicate that coercive pressure from government regulations and normative pressure from industry standards significantly and positively affect sellers’ intention to use digital payment technology. Mimetic pressure contributes to the formation of social norms but does not directly motivate the intention to adopt the technology. Normative isomorphism shows a significant direct effect on intention, suggesting that professional pressure and normative standards strengthen adoption intentions even without increasing subjective norms. Subjective social norms were found to have no significant effect on usage intention in the traditional market context studied. This study expands understanding of non-cash payment adoption through institutional pressures and subjective norms, and provides insights for policymakers, business actors, and stakeholders in designing strategies to accelerate digital payment adoption in the informal sector, thereby supporting financial inclusion and economic welfare.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of physical education in colleges and universities in promoting and maintaining the development of students' mental health. In the paper, we explain the importance of physical education to students' mental health, and through analysing the current situation and problems of physical education in colleges and universities, we discuss the specific role and measures of physical education in colleges and universities in promoting and maintaining students' mental health, including strengthening education and training, improving teaching quality, creating a positive and healthy learning environment, and the role of teachers, students, parents and other parties in promoting physical education and mental health in colleges and universities The responsibilities and roles of teachers, students and parents in promoting the development of physical education and mental health in colleges and universities. Finally, we conclude the importance of physical education in colleges and universities for students' mental health, and offer some outlook and suggestions.

We compare the statistical analysis of multidimensional contingency tables by multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) and multiple taxicab correspondence analysis (MTCA). We will show in this paper: First, MTCA and MCA can produce different results. Second, taxicab correspondence analysis of a Burt table is equivalent to centroid correspondence analysis of the indicator matrix. Third, along the first principal axis, the projected response patterns in MTCA will be clustered and the number of cluster points is less than or equal to 1+ the number of variables. Fourth, visual maps produced by MTCA seem to be clearer and more readable in the presence of rarely occurring categories of the variables than the graphical displays produced by MCA. Two well known data sets are analyzed.

Against the heavy burden of non-communicable diseases and the lack of preventive behaviours (PB) in China, health shocks (HSs), as a trigger, provide the teachable moment for promoting PB with a role of perceived risk (PR) in this process being discussed. The aim of this study is to examine four hypotheses on the impact of HS on PB and whether PR is mediating the relationship. A retrospective cohort. Panel data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, a well-designed nationally representative survey of Chinese over 45 years old in 2015 and 2018 waves. A total of 9888 respondents were included, who were over 45 years old, followed up in both waves, and had no chronic diseases in 2015, after propensity score matching. The change of PB including smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity participation, physical examination participation, and the fitness expenditure. Hypothesis 1: HS significantly promote PB by decreasing the probability of smoking and drinking, increasing the probability of taking exercise and physical examination, and increasing the fitness expenditure. Hypothesis 2 and 3: HSs increase PR, and PR is positively associated with PB. Hypothesis 4: The indirect effects of HS on smoking (-0.016, p<0.05), drinking (-0.015, p<0.001), exercise (0.050, p<0.001), physical examination (0.090, p<0.001), fitness expenditure (0.008, p<0.001) indicate that the relationships between HS and PB are partially mediated by PR. This study proves the positive impact of HS on PB was mediated by PR. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers seeking to understand the mechanisms through which HS influences PB and provide healthcare practitioners with an effective approach to leverage teachable moments for delivering targeted preventive services and promoting PB change.