Analysis of Pollution Load, Assimilation Capacity, and Pollution Status of Babon River, Semarang, Central Java

Climate change has a negative impact on surface water quality. This is influenced by the increase in human activities in the use of water. The resulting water output is discharged directly into water bodies and can increase the pollutant load of river water. One of the recipients of the burden of surface water pollution is the Larangan/Premulung River, which is indicated to have decreased quality due to liquid waste originating from domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. The purpose of this study was to determine the load carrying capacity of water pollution in the Larangan River in the upstream, middle, and downstream parts. The water samples taken amounted to 10 sample points. The data was collected in the form of physical parameters (flow rate, water temperature, and TSS) and chemical parameters (pH, COD, BOD, and DO). The method of calculating the carrying capacity of the pollution load uses the mass balance method. Data analysis used quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the carrying capacity of the Larangan/Premulung River pollution load: (1) the upstream part could no longer accept the pollutant load in the moderate to the heavy category in the quality standard class II; (2) the middle and downstream parts for COD and BOD parameters are no longer able to accept the pollutant load in the medium to large category.

There are many mining sites found around Kampar watershed, specifically in Tambang sub-district. These mining site are scattered in villages, such as Palung Raya village. This research is conducted to analyze the influence of mining to water quality, rate of land erosion, pollutant load, assimilation capacity, social condition and community economy and mining area management. Survey method and quantitative descriptive approach are chosen to collect data from represented population, which are water, soil and the community around mining site. Insitu parameters are temperature, pH, DHL, DO, and exsitu parameters are TDS, TTS, Fe, texture, soil permeability and plankton. Mining activities have yet to influence water quality, but there’s a fluctuation in physical and chemical parameters, and the average of measurement is under the quality standard of PP Number 82 Year 2001, analog with plankton biology parameter, moderate diversity, no show of dominant type and balanced uniformity. The rate of erosion on slope of 0-8 % is 16,1 ton/ha/year with TBES, and on slope of 8-15% is 72,7 ton/ha/year with TBESB. The value of TDS and TSS for assimilation capacity is over the pollutant load from pollutant source. Mining activity has yet to influence the social economy condition of the community around mining sites. It’s because of the owner and employees are from the outside of the community. Water quality management of Kampar tributary is conducted based on the analysis of influence from mining to water quality, rate of erosion, pollutant load, assimilation capacity and social and economy condition around the mining sites.

This study aims to analyze the water quality of Aek Macom in Lembah Sorik Marapi Subdistrict, Mandailing Natal Regency, based on physical, chemical, and biological parameters, and to identify the spatial distribution of its pollution levels. Water samples were collected from three different locations and tested in a laboratory using physical parameters (Total Suspended Solids/TSS), chemical parameters (pH, Dissolved Oxygen/DO, Biochemical Oxygen Demand/BOD, Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD, nitrate, and total phosphate), and biological parameters (Fecal Coliform). The test results showed TSS values ranging from 2.12–3.71 mg/L, pH 4.35–5.11, DO 2.21–7.15 mg/L, BOD 2.56–12.76 mg/L, COD 11.32–46.90 mg/L, nitrate 24.18–44.00 mg/L, total phosphate 0.44–1.08 mg/L, and Fecal Coliform 89–113 MPN/100 mL. All results were then compared to the water quality standards set in Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 concerning Environmental Protection and Management. Using the pollution index method, it was determined that the pollution index value was <6, indicating that Aek Macom falls under the lightly polluted category for Class II designation, which includes freshwater fish cultivation, water recreation facilities/infrastructure, and agricultural irrigation. The light pollution was identified in several villages, such as Maga Dolok, Pasar Maga Subdistrict, and Maga Lombang. These findings provide critical insights for water quality management in the area to prevent further degradation and ensure the sustainability of the local ecosystem.

West Banjir Kanal river is part of Garang Catchment Area which used as souce of drinking water for communities of West Semarang District, Central Java. The high intensities used of area around Garang Catchment Area for agriculture, settlement and industry caused water polluted. This research conducted to determine pollution loading, assimilation capacity and pollution state of west Banjir Kanal estuary. The research done by survey method with collected of water samples from 3 sampling point with 3 replication respectively. The result showed that pollution load was 22 751.493 – 117 256.591 kg/day TSS, 154.019 – 1 843.323 kg/day nitrate and 0 – 835.463 kg/day phosphat, which these values have has exceeded their assimilation capacity, causing water pollution. Water Quality Index value is 51.94 and which indicates that West Banjir Kanal Estuary is very high polluted by TSS, nitrate and phosphate.

The Tanjungpinang bay at Riau Islands Province is one of coastal areas that have a high level pollution load due to the increased scale of economic activities and also rapid community activities are increased dynamically. Hence carrying out a research which aim for knowing the pollution load and the assimilation capacity determination in Tanjungpinang bay area have a very strategic position. This study is based on survey method through the observation techniques in the field for distinguishing variables with the parameters set by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed to produce the charts which describe the relationship between each parameter with the total pollution load in estuaries. The results explain the pollution load into the Tanjungpinang bay area which includes parameters of TSS, BOD5, COD, NO3, NO2, NH4 and PO4-P respectively amounted to 397.369 tons/year, 20.858 tons/year, 791 079 tons/year, 1.156 tons/year, 824 tons/year, 1.115 tons/year and 606 tons/year. While the Tanjungpinang bay area assimilation capacity for each parameter above amounted to 689 960 tons/year, 67.062 tons/year, 640.930 tons/year, –89 tones/year, –9 tons/year, 1.145 tons/year and –12 tons/year. This shows that the pollution load to the parameters COD, NO3, NO2 and PO4-P has exceeded the carrying capacity of the waters.

The Tondano river estuary waters is located in the Manado city, North Sulawesi Province. Receiving inputs from rural, urban, hydropower, agriculture, plantation, livestock, and industrial activities is high enough to cause a decrease in the quality of Tondano river estuary waters. The aim of this research is to analyze the pollutant load from Tondano river and the assimilation capacity of Tondano river estuary waters. The study was conducted in December 2016 - January 2017 in the waters of the Tondano river estuary. The research method refers to the approach of measuring pollution load of river estuary. Multiplication of concentration of pollution variables with river flow discharge, calculation of assimilation capacity by making a graph of the relationship between pollutant concentration and pollutant load at river estuary, which then analyzed with water quality standard value for marine life based on Decree of State Minister of Environment Number 51 of 2004. The measurement results showed that the pollution load value of BOD5 was 261,473 mg/s, nitrate (NO3-N) of 0,747 mg/s, lead (Pb) of 0,747 mg/s, and phosphate (PO4-P) of 0,311 mg/s. The pollution load variable that has passed the assimilation capacity is NO3-N, PO4-P, and Pb, while the variable that has not passed the assimilation capacity is BOD5. From the results, it can be concluded that the waters of the Tondano river estuary have been polluted by NO3-N, PO4-P, and Pb contaminants. Water pollution control of Tondano river estuary needs to be done more tightly so that the potential of coastal and marine resources remain sustainable.

The Tondano river estuary waters is located in the Manado city, North Sulawesi Province. Receiving inputs from rural, urban, hydropower, agriculture, plantation, livestock, and industrial activities is high enough to cause a decrease in the quality of Tondano river estuary waters. The aim of this research is to analyze the pollutant load from Tondano river and the assimilation capacity of Tondano river estuary waters. The study was conducted in December 2016 - January 2017 in the waters of the Tondano river estuary. The research method refers to the approach of measuring pollution load of river estuary. Multiplication of concentration of pollution variables with river flow discharge, calculation of assimilation capacity by making a graph of the relationship between pollutant concentration and pollutant load at river estuary, which then analyzed with water quality standard value for marine life based on Decree of State Minister of Environment Number 51 of 2004. The measurement results showed that the pollution load value of BOD5 was 261,473 mg/s, nitrate (NO3-N) of 0,747 mg/s, lead (Pb) of 0,747 mg/s, and phosphate (PO4-P) of 0,311 mg/s. The pollution load variable that has passed the assimilation capacity is NO3-N, PO4-P, and Pb, while the variable that has not passed the assimilation capacity is BOD5. From the results, it can be concluded that the waters of the Tondano river estuary have been polluted by NO3-N, PO4-P, and Pb contaminants. Water pollution control of Tondano river estuary needs to be done more tightly so that the potential of coastal and marine resources remain sustainable.

Jatigede Reservoir has an area of approximately 4,122 Ha, the purpose of Jatigede dam construction is to increase rice production with a range irrigation network system. Problems arising from the use of chemical fertilizers, regarding the development of agricultural land used to increase agricultural productivity, support food security and also activities in floating net cages (FNC) can result in a decrease in reservoir water quality, siltation of reservoirs, etc. Organic waste from FNC cultivation feed, for example nitrogen and phosphate. The purpose is to determine the pollution index of each observation station and the concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphor pollutant loads from the agriculture and fisheries sectors in Jatigede Reservoir so that it can be analyzed which activities have the most influence on pollution and determine effective countermeasures a decrease in water quality in Jatigede Reservoir. The quantitative method uses a survey method is processing data from laboratory tests using the Pollution Index and total nitrogen and phosphate pollution loads. The results of the highest pollution index are at station three of 6.08 with moderate pollution status caused by runoff from Cihonje inlet waste and FNC activities. The nitrogen parameter pollution load has a high amount of 192.13 kg/day then the amount of phosphate pollution load is 34.16 kg/day. As for good pollution control, by reducing the burden of pollution by involving the community in managing the reservoir environment, routine monitoring of reservoir water quality and mapping potential pollutant sources at each location so that problems will be quickly resolved.
 
 Keywords: agriculture, fisheries, Jatigede reservoir, pollution index, pollution load
 
 ABSTRAK
 
 Waduk Jatigede memiliki luas sekitar 4.122 Ha, tujuan pembangunan Waduk Jatigede adalah untuk meningkatkan produksi padi dengan sistem jaringan irigasi rentang. Permasalahan yang ditimbulkan terkait penggunaan pupuk kimiawi, mengenai perkembangan lahan pertanian yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian dan mendukung ketahanan pangan dan juga kegiatan budidaya ikan karamba jaring apung (KJA) dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas air waduk, pendangkalan waduk, dan lain-lain. Limbah organik sisa pakan budidaya KJA yang terbuang ke dalam perairan contohnya yaitu nitrogen dan fosfat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan index pencemaran dari setiap stasiun pengamatan dan konsentrasi beban pencemar total nitrogen dan total fosfat dari sektor pertanian dan perikanan di Waduk Jatigede sehingga dapat dianalisis kegiatan mana yang paling berpengaruh terhadap pencemaran dan menentukan penanggulangan yang efektif untuk mencegah penurunan kualitas air di Waduk Jatigede. Metode yang digunakan adalah mix method (metode campuran). Metode kuantitatif menggunakan metode survey yaitu pengolahan data hasil uji laboratorium. Menganalisis tingkat pencemaran di setiap stasiun, menggunakan Index Pencemaran dan analisis beban pencemaran nitrogen dan fosfat. Hasil dari index pencemaran paling tinggi terdapat di stasiun tiga sebesar 6,08 dengan status tercemar sedang disebabkan oleh limpasan dari limbah inlet cihonje dan aktivitas KJA dan untuk beban pencemaran parameter nitrogen memiliki jumlah yang tinggi yaitu 192,13 kg/hari kemudian jumlah beban pencemaran fosfat 34,16 kg/hari. Adapun pengendalian pencemaran yang baik yaitu dengan pengurangan beban pencemaran dengan melibatkan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan lingkungan waduk, pemantauan rutin kualitas air waduk dan memetakan sumber-sumber pencemar potensial pada setiap lokasi sehingga permasalahan akan cepat teratasi.
 
 Kata kunci: beban pencemaran, index pencemaran, pertanian, perikanan, Waduk Jatigede

Babak watershed is one of the essential watersheds in Lombok Island providing water supply for irrigation, fish pool, drinking water supply, and micro-hydro power plant. Excessive human activities degrade the water quality of Babak watershed, and more pollutants are present in the water column. Thus, this study aims to determine Babak watershed's water quality status and assimilating capacity to plan effective and holistic mitigation measures properly. The study calculates the pollution index (PI) using a formula based on the Minister of Environment No.115/2003 Decree and assimilating capacity (AC) based on the Minister of Environment No.110/2003 Decree. The results found that Babak watershed is lightly polluted, defined by exceeding chemical parameters such as DO, total phosphate, nitrite, and dissolved iron (Fe). Similarly, these parameters (total phosphate, nitrite, and Dissolved iron (Fe) also reached the maximum assimilation capacity of Babak watershed to contain and self-purify these pollutants from the water column. Thus, planning mitigation and adaptation measures are required to prevent further contaminations in this watershed.

In this study, the pollution loading on Sosiani River, in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya, was assessed. The aim of this study was to determine assimilation of pollution loading by the two wastewater treatment plants located in the Eldoret Municipality. Samples were collected from six points along the river, influents and effluents of the treatment plants. Faecal and Total Coliforms, heavy metals; Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn, anions; Cl-, F-, NO3-, PO43- and SO42-, flow and pollution loading points, PLP, were determined. The parameters were determined using experimental procedures. The PLP was 800 and the river’s tolerance limit 10 %, hence a threshold of 880 PLP. Heavy metals’ levels were; Pb 0.583 - 0.970 mg / L, Cd 0.081 – 0.112 mg / L, Cu 0.038 - 0.105 mg / L and Zn 0.097 - 0.116 mg / L. Faecal and Total Coliforms were 25 - 1144 and 120 - 1555 Cfu / 100 ml, respectively. Chemical parameters were in the range; F 0.0125 - 0.469 mg / L, Cl 141.800 - 529.390 mg / L, NO3 2.990- 6.495 mg / L, PO4 0.038 - 4.052 mg / L and SO4 0.319 - 6.424 mg / L. The river flow range was 13920 - 70560 L / minute. The effluent flows were 1560 and 3960 L / minute. The coliforms exceeded the nil Cfu / 100 ml limit. Chloride levels at S2, S4, S6 and phosphate at S6 exceeded the 275 and 0.11 mg / L limits, respectively. The study will provide information on the contribution of the treatment plants to the pollution loading into the river. It will highlight the role of a river volume in determining its assimilative capacity and this will inform decisions made by water service providers on effluent volume.

Utilization around of Belau Rivers was diverse, such as agriculture, industry, households, hotels, markets, residential population and fishing boats. According to the explanation, the purpose of this study was to determine distribution and concentration distribution patterns of Pb, Cd, and Cr which evaluated from the distribution of salinity, calculate the assimilation capacity in marine and analyzing the direction of environmental management Estuary Belau at Lampung Bay. The data was analyzed by using the view pattern of relationship between dissolved heavy metals and salinity through mixing graph approach. Furthermore, to know the pollutant load and capacity of assimilation were use a graph of the relationship between the concentration of each parameter with pollutant load on these parameters. The results analysis of pollutant loads and assimilation capacity showed that the parameters of TSS, BOD and COD were still able to perform self purification, whereas for the parameters of nitrate, phosphate, Pb, Cd and Cr were unable to perform self-purification. The management must be built not only within the autority of Lampung Government and the staffs, but also must be holistic upstream to downstream along the river that involves several government autority.

The Research on analysis of pollutant loading and heavy metal assimilation capacitiesin waters of Setingkai River subdistrict of Kampar Kiri Regency of Kampar has beenheld for three months (March to May 2013) by using survey methods, that was directlymeasure on the object to be studied (in situ) and laboratory test (ex-situ). Samples weretaken at four sites purposively by considering the location of the pollutants inputsources, the influx and the distance between sampling locations. The parameters ofheavy metals studied were Pb, Cu and Zn with data analysis including: descriptiveanalysis, pollutant load analysis, assimilation capacities analysis refers to the PP No.82 year 2001 class II. The Result of research showed that the activity of PETI along theflow of Setingkai River have degraded water quality parameters of colour, brightness,TSS, DO, COD and heavy metals such as Pb, Cu and Zn. Average estimation results ofmetal pollutant load Zn 54,10 tons/month; Pb 8,39 tons/month and Cu 7,12 tons/month.The assimilation capacities calculation showed that Zn pollutant load is higher thanwaters assimilation capacities (BP = 54,10 tons/month > KA = 0,0041 ton/month), Pb(BP = 8,39 tons/month > KA = 5,28 tons/month) and Cu (BP = 7,12 tons/month > KA= 1,41 tons/month). The result of research showed that the current condition ofSetingkai river has tainted of Zn, Pb and Cu and hazardous to waters bioticenvironment and also human health. Keywords : Analysis, Heavy Metal, Pollutant.

The Sentani Lake is located in Jayapura regency which at covered east Sentani, Sentani, and West Sentani districts. The Sentani Lake has problems. The first problem is high of erosion number 94.52 ton/ha/year that the value higher than value of erosi on tolerance number 25 ton/ha/year. Second problem is chemical pollution indicated by high concentration Cu (0,0201-0,1081 mg/L) and Zn (0,21-0,36 mg/L) Those concentration are exceeds water quality standard that approve by government in PP 82 Tahun 2001 about management water quality and water pollution control. There for is needed research and management for sustainable of Sentani Lake. The aims of this research are 1) to analyze about the pollution load Sentani Lake, and 2) to analyze the assimilation capacity Sentani Lake aquaculture. The research method are survey and experiment. Results from a research showed that the load of pollution from river is obtained as follow (each in ton/month) is Pospat (ranges between 0.57 to 4.74). The assimilation capacity from lake is obtained as follow (in ton.month) is Pospat (1.40). The load of pollution are upper of the assimilation capacity.

Abstract. Katili L, Baderan DWK, Kumaji SS. 2023. Analysis of drinking water quality based on biological, physical and chemical parameters in Lekobalo Village, Gorontalo City, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 13: 22-29. Lekobalo Village is a part of the Gorontalo City, Indonesia area, which has not yet received full clean water coverage. Therefore, the community in Lekobalo used the wellsprings as the source of drinking water. An open water tank around the wellspring has been the source of drinking water for people in the surrounding. It becomes a place for household chores such as bathing, doing laundry, and serving as a lavatory. That makes the place look messy due to the household waste around the wellspring, which decreases the drinking water quality there. Hence, a test of the drinking water in Lekobalo is crucially needed. This study is descriptive-qualitative research that was conducted by a direct survey. Sample collection was conducted using sterilized bottles from the laboratory, and the data obtained were analyzed descriptively. This study aims to determine drinking water quality based on biological, physical, and chemical parameters. The research revealed that the quality of drinking water in Lekobali based on the biological parameter was considered polluted by Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria. The findings revealed that the average score of E. coli was 10.3 MPN/100 ml and coliform 200.5 MPN/100 mL. In physical parameters, the drinking water quality is relatively good with an average temperature of 20°C, turbidity NTU, scentless, tasteless, and colorless. The drinking water criterion that did not meet the physical parameters is the TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), which is 1,525 mg/L. According to the chemical parameter, the quality of the drinking water is considered relatively good with some average score of arsenic (As) 0 mg/L, fluoride (F) 1 mg/L, nitrite (NO2) 0.02 mg/L, nitrate (NO3) 3.6 mg/L, iron (Fe) 0.12 mg/L, Power of Hydrogen (pH) 6.6 mg/L and manganese (Mn) 0 mg/L. The chemical parameters that did not meet the standard qualification of drinking water based on the chemical parameters are chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd), as the average scores are 0.34 mg/L and 0.047 mg/L. This study can be used as one of the government's databases as an input in developing programs and activities to improve drinking water quality and control water pollution.

The Tapung Kiri River is experiencing degradation especially due to the increase in the oil palm plantation industry and sand mining activities. The research was conducted from June to August 2024 to determine the pollution load of the Tapung Kiri River in down-lower by analyzing physical, chemical, and biological water quality samples. Water samples were taken triple, including TSS, BOD, COD, Nitrate, Phosphate, and E.Coli parameters. The quality of the Tapung River is compared to the quality standards according to The Regulation of Government of the Republic of Indonesia (RGRI) Number 22/2021 Class III. The results of the analysis of the pollution load were 472.5 kg/day (TSS), 15.75 kg/day (BOD), 94.5 kg/day (COD), 34.44 kg/day (nitrate), and 0.37 kg/day total phosphate. The actual pollution load in the Tapung Kiri River is lower than the maximum pollution load.