Abstract
When there is the need for domestic or industrial use of water from a natural stream or lake, a filtering process through layers of soil and a perforated collector-pipe system is customarily used. The water enters the pipe through a series of small opening cut in the pipe wall. Discharge through the pipe increasing as flow proceeds along its length. The increase in discharge and flow velocity, i.e. the increase in the momentum, consumes energy for the work of accelerating the water-mass. Considering any two adjacent cross-sections along the pipe, the drop in energy and piezometric levels will be due to the friction losses and the change of velocity and momentum in the flow between these two sections. In such condition, the flow will be a nonuniform steady flow. The behavior of the flow through such a perforated pipe was studied analytically and experimentally, and general equations for perforated pipe design are suggested.
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