Abstract
This study aimed to classify the latent class of parenting attitude for parents with preschool children and school-age children, identify the pattern of transition in the type of parenting attitude over time, and determine the influencing factors associated with the transition. A total of 1462 households were the subjects of this longitudinal study that used latent profile analysis, latent transition analysis, and logistic regression analysis. The parenting attitude in the preschool year was classified into a model of three latent classes of ‘parent uninvolved’, ‘maternal authoritative and paternal authoritarian’, and ‘maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative’, and the parenting attitude in the school year was classified into a model of four latent classes of ‘parent weak uninvolved’, ‘parent strong uninvolved’, parent authoritative’, and ‘maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative.’ All latent class subjects with preschool children showed an attitude transition to maternal authoritarian and paternal authoritative when their children were in school years. It was confirmed that a mother’s depression and father’s parenting stress were the most influential factors in the parenting attitude transition. This study lay in identifying the patterns of parenting attitude and the transition in attitude according to the developmental stage of children.
Highlights
As a result of latent profile analysis (LPA) on parenting attitude when a child is in the preschool year, in the analysis of goodness-of-fit index of information, the values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), BIC, and BIC (SABIC) were lower when the number of latent classes was three, compared to the number of latent classes at one or two
A model with three latent classes was confirmed to be the optimal model for the analysis of parenting attitude in the preschool year (Table 2) (Figure 1)
The significance of this study lay in its identification of the latent class of parenting attitude through latent transition analysis (LTA), investigating the pattern of the profile and transition pattern of parenting attitude changes for each time point using longitudinal data and demonstrating that the parenting attitude change differs from person to person due to various influencing factors
Summary
Parenting attitude is a disposition or a response style in child-rearing to promote the growth and development of children. It refers to a general attitude exhibited when parents raise their children [3]. At the time of transition from preschool to school age, children learn and form and maintain peer relationships in their school based on their interactions with parents; parenting attitude has a direct impact on children’s development [4]. The type of relationship the child forms with his/her parents and the parenting attitude of the parents toward their child may have a significant impact on the behaviors of school-age children, such as relationships with teachers and schoolmates [5]
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