Analysis of new coronavirus infection and post-COVID-19 syndrome in patients with multiple sclerosis: a pilot study

Abstract

Actuality. Currently there are no long-term studies about the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in comparison with healthy volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 and patients with MS who didn’t have COVID-19.Aim: To study effect of COVID-19 on MS course.Material and Methods. We examined 39 patients with MS who recovered from COVID-19 (40.76 ± 11 years), 21 patients with MS who didn’t have COVID-19 (38.1 ± 12 years) and 33 healthy volunteers who recovered from COVID-19 (39.7 ± 10 years). We performed neurological examination and testing according to clinical and neuropsychological scales.Results. The majority of MS patients had a mild form of COVID-19 (22 people, 68.75%). Among the symptoms of COVID-19 in MS patients, headaches (12 people, 30.8% vs. 18 people, 54.5%) and chest pain (2 people, 5.1% vs. 9 people, 27.3%) were less common than in the control group of healthy volunteers. The duration of the disease, the age of onset, the average frequency of exacerbations, the use of disease modifying therapies, the result on clinical and neuropsychological scales did not show statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients with MS. The incidence of post-COVID syndrome in patients with MS was 79.48% and 88.44% in healthy volunteers. Among MS patients who had COVID-19, there were significantly more persons with a moderate decrease in the quality of life, higher fatigue scores compared to healthy volunteers, but less apathy compared to patients without COVID-19 with MS. The presence of vaccination reduced the risk of COVID-19 infection by 7.4 times in patients with MS.Conclusion. There was no significant effect of COVID-19 on patients with MS during short-term follow-up.