Analysis of multienvironment trials (MET) in the sugarcane breeding program of R\xe9union Island

Abstract

The sugarcane variety development program on Réunion Island is dedicated to an industry that encompasses numerous different agroclimatic production zones. The objective of this study is to characterize in detail the final selection stage of this program, consisting of multienvironment trials (MET) at seven representative locations, considering the genotypic response in terms of tonnes of cane per hectare (TCH), estimable recoverable sugar (ERS), fiber content (FIB), and an economic index (EI). Data from four recent variety series tested between one and three crop years were used. Each trait revealed a significant genotype × location (GL) interaction, always higher than the genotype × crop year (GC) interaction, indicating that testing genotypes across locations is more important than testing for ratooning ability. Broad-sense heritability (H) at MET level was relatively high for FIB compared with EI, while ERS and TCH exhibited intermediate H values. Genotype main effect plus genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analysis applied to a balanced set of genotypes tested over two crop years across all environments permitted reliable visualization at a glance of (i) the level of proximity between genotypes or environments, and (ii) the performance of varieties in each environment and their stability across all of them. No redundancy between any pair of environments was found for the most important selection trait (EI). These results confirm the relevance of a selection strategy firstly oriented toward selecting sugarcane genotypes for local adaptations with the objective of enhancing the mean productivity of the whole cane industry.