ANALYSIS OF MUI FATWA AND MINISTRY OF TRADE POLICY ON BOYCOTT PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the boycott of products affiliated with Israel based on MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023 concerning the Law on Support for the Palestinian Struggle viewed from the issue of murlahah. This type of research is normative research with a conceptual approach. This research is descriptive in nature, then data is collected through document study, and data is processed using qualitative methods. The results of this research show that the boycott of Israeli products in MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023 in Maslahah Murlah's view is valid, this is because the boycott of Israeli products occupies the position of Maslahah Darury. By not buying Israeli products, we indirectly mean we are helping our brothers and sisters in Palestine.

The conflict between Palestine and Israel has led to a boycott of pro-Israel products. Several countries, including Indonesia through MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023, promoted the boycott of products affiliated with Israel as a form of support for Palestine which has caused good and bad impacts, especially for companies associated with Israel, especially in the United States, so the issuance of this fatwa has encouraged Muslims to take a boycott stance with stronger conviction. That is why it is worth studying in the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah study. The type of research method used in this research is qualitative research. This research in collecting data uses the library research study method (Library research). The result of this research shows that the influence of MUI fatwa Number 83 of 2023 for Muslims on the boycott of pro-Israel products, especially in Indonesia, has a strong Sharia foundation because the Muslim community already knows that Israel's actions are colonialism against Palestine. While in the maqāṣid al-sharī’ah review, the boycott of pro-Israel products is to help fellow Muslims to realize the objectives of sharia to achieve the welfare of fellow Muslims and weaken the power of Islam's enemies.

The prolonged conflict between Israel and Palestine has caused suffering on both sides, even extending to the global level. As a humanitarian response, various countries including Indonesia have boycotted products affiliated with Israel. The boycott movement is a form of protest carried out collectively by the community to oppose certain actions, products, or policies that are considered detrimental. This research uses a normative juridical approach, by analyzing regulations such as MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023. The results show that the boycott of pro-Israel products has a significant social impact. Positively, it encourages the growth of local products and provides moral support for Palestine. However, there are negative impacts, such as a potential increase in unemployment due to a decrease in the activities of companies affiliated with Israel. The boycott movement also serves as humanitarian solidarity and a symbol of resistance to occupation, although it needs management to reduce the negative impact on domestic labor. The public is urged to support the boycott strategically with an eye on national employment. This step is part of the global struggle for Palestinian justice and independence.

This research article seeks to review and analyze MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023 concerning recommendations for calls and calls for boycotts of pro-Israel products based on the views of fiqh siyasah. The aim is to find out how the fiqh siyasah syar'iyyah views the boycott of pro-Israel products as a form of jihad and defense of the Palestinian state after the issuance of the MUI Fatwa ruling. This research uses a type of library research with a descriptive analysis approach. The results of the study found that in the view of fiqh siyasah boycott of pro-Israel affiliated products is mandatory if the boycott is believed to be harmful and difficult to the infidel Zionist Israel, and does not result in mafsadah for Muslims and a larger state than the mafsadah to be minimized. However, if the boycott actually brings violence and adversely affects Muslims, then the law does not become mandatory. Because in the rule that takes precedence is to anticipate the occurrence of mafsadah rather than realizing benefits. This is an effort to weaken the economy so that it can have a significant impact on stopping the military aggression carried out by Israel. That way, it will be very helpful to open a space for conflict peace between the two warring countries. But in various cases, this boycott must also pay attention and consider the negative impacts it causes, so as not to cause violence for Muslims and the country.

The theory of employee engagement is part of human resources management nowadays as it is a key to the success of companies around the world. Innovative institutions seek to understand the employees to increase their engagement, job satisfaction, and productivity that lead to more profitability for company. This study is about the critical investigation on the impact of employee’s engagement to employee’s productivity in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MOCI)-Oman. This study has applied the descriptive research design using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Managers and employees in the Ministry were interviewed to understand in depth the impression of employees about their engagement in the Ministry. The results revealed that most of the employees are not engaged at MOCI. The recommendation aimed at providing an effective employee engagement framework for the ministry’s culture that suits the nature of the employees. This study can be used as well by other government sectors that follow the same approach as the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MOCI) to increase the overall level of employee engagement.

This research is to analyze the overall business needs and harmonize with the strategies found in the Ministry of Commerce to improve the quality of services to the community. Develop an information system architecture concept that is able to meet the needs of all parties who have an interest in the Ministry of Commerce and Analyzed the success rate of the old application system migration with new ones. The method used is based on the Togaf ADM Framework by preparing data and analyzing from the flow of business processes with information systems that will be stored in the application database. The results obtained are in the form of electronic system architecture design in the Directorate of Export and Import Facilitation, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade, the Ministry of Trade can be used as a guide in its development. The results of this design obtained an integrated system that produces integrated business processes in all organizational units that require data flow to Indonesia National Single Window (INSW) through the Inatrade portal. In the transition from the old system to the new system can take the old application resources, it combined functions with the new system.

Israel's aggression against Gaza since October 2023 has sparked global support for Palestine. One of the supports was shown by the Indonesian Ulema Council by issuing fatwa number 83 of 2023. One of the points of the fatwa is to avoid transactions and not use products affiliated with Israel. This fatwa is identified with the boycott of Israeli products. This paper attempts to analyze the public response to the MUI fatwa. The method used in this research is Discourse Network Analysis (DNA). This research uses DNA Analyzer and Visone software to display actor and discourse networks and statistical calculations of actors and discourses responding to Fatwa number 83 of 2023. The research measured public response for one month since the fatwa was issued on November 8, 2023. The findings in this study are that the public is divided into 2 clusters in responding to the fatwa. The first cluster expressed support, and the second cluster expressed disapproval of the fatwa. However, the analysis and statistical calculations found that actors and discourses that support the MUI fatwa are more dominant. From the results of analysis and statistical calculations, it was found that actors and discourses that support the MUI fatwa are more dominant.

Education in Indonesia still has significant problems such as the lack of adequate learning facilities, the low quality of education, the high cost of education and the large number of students who drop out of school. The main problem of Indonesian education is the high cost of education, making it difficult for students with middle to lower economy to continue their education. Waqf as an Islamic philanthropy can be a solution to education financing, supported by the MUI Fatwa with the provision of waqf developed with sharia securities through crowdfunding platforms. The regulation of cash waqf through the MUI (Indonesian Ulema Council) Fatwa was developed following the times in Fatwa No. 140/DSN-MUI/VIII/2021 which explains waqf as one of the sharia securities as financing waqf. However, the collection of waqf funds for education financing is still not optimal. So, this research aims to provide an alternative to waqf as an Islamic social financing system that can develop the quality of education in Indonesia with the aim of SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) in creating quality education. This research method uses library research method with literature study analysis through MUI fatwa approach. The results of this study explain the contract scheme that can make it easier for waqif to waqf through crowdfunding in the form of education financing investment, namely the wakalah bil istismar contract and the syirkah contract. However, crowdfunding for education financing is not widely applied for.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Fatwa Number 83 of 2023 concerning the boycott of Israeli products, with a focus on its impact in North Sumatra Province from economic, social, and political aspects. The research method used in this study is qualitative using a legal sociology approach. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data with data collection methods, namely literature review and interviews. The results of the study obtained indicate that the MUI fatwa Number 83 of 2023 concerning the boycott of Israeli products, viewed from an economic aspect, has the potential to reduce the income of Israeli companies that rely on exports to international markets, including Indonesia. From a social aspect, this boycott is a manifestation of concern for the suffering of others and support for their struggle. From a political aspect, this fatwa has several implications, specifically support for Palestine. This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of the interaction between ulama fatwas, public policy, and public response in the context of sensitive international issues.

This article discusses Muslim consumers' perceptions of the boycott of Israeli products. The boycott of Israeli products is a significant global issue, particularly for Muslim consumers. This boycott is a form of global protest Israel's military invasion of the Palestinian people. This protest movement is commonly known as the Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS) campaign. In line with this, the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) has issued a halal fatwa regarding products affiliated with Israel. According to MUI Fatwa No. 83 of 2023 on the Legal Status of Supporting the Palestinian Struggle, it is deemed forbidden (haram) to support Israel's aggression against Palestine, while supporting Palestine's struggle is considered obligatory. This research aims to understand Muslim consumers' perceptions of the boycott of Israeli products. In addition to surveys, literature reviews were conducted to identify the factors influencing consumer decisions. The findings of the study indicate that Muslim consumers tend to avoid Israeli products produced in occupied territories or those known to support Israeli government policies. Muslim consumer purchasing decisions are influenced by the following factors: cultural factors, social factors, personal factors, and psychological factors.

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of Fatwa No. 14/Ijtima' Ulama/VIII/2024 in clarifying the ambiguities of No. 83 of 2023, which addresses the boycott of products affiliated with Israel. The legal certainty provided by Fatwa No. 14, its role in guiding the public and businesses, and its broader socio-economic implications were evaluated. The study adopted content analysis, historiographical review, and documentary to analyze primary and secondary sources, such as official fatwas, policy reports, academic journals, and media reports. This method assesses the fatwa’s clarity, its social impact, and potential economic consequences. The result showed that Fatwa No. 14 aimed to resolve the ambiguity of No. 83 by promoting domestic products, local ownership, and national labor. However, the criteria remain imprecise, particularly concerning foreign ownership limits and the proportion of local raw materials, leading to public confusion and potential economic losses for unrelated businesses. Reactions to the fatwa have been polarized, with some perceiving the decree as a demonstration of economic solidarity, while others criticize the adverse effects of the fatwa on local businesses. This study provides a comprehensive legal and socio-economic assessment of MUI's fatwa on product boycotts, showing legal ambiguities and policy gaps that have yet to be addressed. By bridging Islamic legal studies and economic analysis, the study offers a novel perspective on the intersection of religious decrees and market dynamics. There is also a need for clearer guidelines and regulatory frameworks to ensure the fatwa’s effectiveness while minimizing unintended economic repercussions. In conclusion, this study contributes to the broader discourse on Sharia legal certainty, religious fatwas, and the impact on socio-economic justice.

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of da'wah in mobilizing a boycott of Israeli products, which some people ignore and even confirm that they are used explicitly or implicitly. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive method by looking holistically at the opportunities and growth of the local economy if there is a boycott of Israeli products. The focus of this research is the effectiveness of da'wah in encouraging boycotts of pro-Israel products. It was found that the internalization of religion is always influenced by the individual himself. This is what causes Islamic culture to be easily accepted among society because Islam can acculturate with the customs, beliefs, and culture that develop within society itself without any ambition to disappear that culture. has existed. existed before. Apart from that, the process of spreading Islam through cultural channels, Islamic preachers tended to be subtle in conveying religious teachings to a society that was considered heterogeneous in terms of its cultural values. So the effectiveness of boycotting Israeli products will not be a significant challenge because local economic growth will continue to grow and remain at market balance.

NOTE: THIS ARTICLE WAS PUBLISHED WITH THE INFORMING SCIENCE INSTITUTE. Aim/Purpose................................................................................................................................................................................................. The study seeks to examine the strategic interventions needed to promote the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Specifically, it analyzed the relationship between organizational learning, cultural values and SMEs performance. Background................................................................................................................................................................................................ The performance of SMEs has been identified as one of the most important success factors behind growth, development and industrialization of nations. In anticipation of such outcome, SMEs have been given adequate attention in emerging economies such as Nigeria but it has performed below expectations. Existing studies noted that business organizations are able to develop by employing strategic management interventions. Strategic interventions involve a deliberate attempt to move organizations towards a more effective state and improve performance. The expected components of strategic interventions needed to achieve the expected change in performance of SMEs are organizational learning and cultural change. However, there has not been a complete research outcome on the relevance of organizational learning and cultural change to SMEs performance in Nigeria. Therefore, the main research question is; whether organization learning and cultural values contribute significantly to SMEs performance. Methodology................................................................................................................................................................................................ In this study, the researcher employs quantitative research methods. Structured questionnaires are used to collect primary data. The study uses data set of 571 owners/managers of registered SMEs with the Ministry of Commerce and Trade in the study area. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was performed to address the research objectives. Contribution................................................................................................................................................................................................ The study provides useful information to understanding the path to achieving SMEs performance through application of strategic interventions approach. It highlights the relevance of organizational learning to improving market share and profit in the small and medium enterprises sector. Findings..................................................................................................................................................................................................... The findings indicate that organizational learning can positively boost performance of the SMEs but cultural values, though covaried with organizational learning do not add to performance outcome of the SMEs. The organizational learning is found to play the direct role of boosting performance through team learning, empowerment, embedded system, inquiry and dialogue and continuous learning respectively. Recommendations for Practitioners............................................................................................................................................................ Increasing performance of small businesses that impact on overall development is a considerable challenge. Consequently, the study highly recommends integration of strategic intervention that is anchored on organizational learning constructs for satisfactory outcome in the SMEs. In achieving this, less emphasis on cultural values may be useful. Recommendation for Researchers............................................................................................................................................................... It is suggested that this type of study needs to be conducted in public-owned establishments and business corporations with large business structure. This may help to further establish the theoretical relevance of strategic interventions to SMEs performance across various dimensions of business forms and organizations. Impact on Society.......................................................................................................................................................................................... The findings provide adequate pathway to societal development through SMEs. For the expected growth of society to emerge through investments in SMEs, stakeholders in the society should take advantage of information embedded in strategic interventions in their performance drive. Future Research.............................................................................................................................................................................................. The study outcomes are much relevant to developing economies in need of small and medium business interventions to tackle growth, unemployment and societal development. Future research, especially in developing and emerging economies may explore the relevance of the approach to boosting small business in their area. The specific contribution of cultural values in that context may be tested.

The movement to boycott pro-Israel products as a form of condemnation of Israel's aggression against Palestine demands the attention of all elements of society, government and religious leaders in various countries, including in Indonesia. This qualitative study with a content analysis approach aims to identify the construction of mass communication functions in the fatwa of the Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) Number 83 of 2023 related to the boycott of pro-Israel products. The mass communication function theory constructed by Harold Lasswell became the foundation of the perspective. This study found the construction of mass communication functions in the MUI's fatwa literacy related to the boycott of pro-Israel products, including the function of environmental monitoring related to various events, such as Israeli aggression against Palestine which received financial assistance from various pro-Israel companies, and public questions from Muslims regarding the law of supporting the Palestinian cause. Then, the function of social correlation, such as the appeal for Muslims to do philanthropy for humanitarian solidarity for the struggle of the Palestinian people, and avoid using various pro-Israel products. Furthermore, the function of social transmission is in the form of MUI's role in disseminating Islamic legal norms that can guide Muslims in responding to the boycott movement of Israeli products. This study confirms the importance of constructing a holistic mass communication function involving the synergy of the roles of the community, religious leaders, and the government in disseminating fatwa literacy related to social religious problems, such as the fatwa related to the boycott of pro-Israel products. The focus, perspective and implications of the findings of this study are also novelty to the findings of previous studies which generally focus more on the formal legal aspects related to fatwas related to the boycott of pro-Israel products. However, this study does not examine the economic impact on Muslims in Indonesia of the MUI fatwa related to the boycott.

The determination of various types of Covid-19 vaccine products that have been determined by the Indonesian government as well as promises to provide Covid-19 vaccine products cannot be guaranteed to be halal, thayib and safe to use, especially for Indonesian people who are Muslim. On this basis, there was a debate in Indonesia regarding the halalness of thecovid 19 vaccine. Therefore, in order to organize and be able to successfully distribute the vaccine, as well as the consumption of the vaccines that have been purchased. So the Indonesian government cooperates with the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) by referring to the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) NO. 02 of 2021 which issues a fatwa regarding the law that the Covid-19 vaccine produced by Sinovac Life Sciences Co. Ltd. China and PT. Bio Farma (Persero) is legal, holy and halal. This study aims to find out in detail the legal basis for the MUI to issue a fatwa that the Sinovac vaccine is halal and to know and be able to analyze the views of Islamic law on the MUI Fatwa No. 02 of 2021 regarding the halalness of the Sinovac vaccine. This research is legal-normative research, namely research that uses law to justify a legal event. This type of research is descriptive-analytic research using library research. Based on the results of the study, it is known that there are 7 basics used by the MUI in determining the halalness of the Sinovac vaccine, namely: First, the opinion of the Ulama; Second, MUI Fatwa No. 04/2016 on Immunization; Third, MUI Fatwa Number 01 of 2010 concerning the Use of Microbes and Microbial Products in Food Products; Fourth, MUI Fatwa Number 45 of 2018 concerning the Use of Blood Plasma for Medicinal Ingredients; Fifth, the report and explanation of the audit results of the LPPOM MUI Auditor Team together with the MUI Fatwa Commission to Sinovac and PT Bio Farma; Sixth, the opinion of the participants of the Fatwa Commission meeting on January 8, 2021; Seventh, BPOM's decision to give approval for emergency use and guarantee of safety, quality, and efficacy for the Sinovac vaccine, which is one indicator that the vaccine meets thayyib qualifications. In addition, it can be believed that the Covid-19 vaccine produced by Sinovac is holy and halal. Those are the notes on the results of the MUI Fatwa regarding the halal certification of vaccines that were described in the Plenary Session of the MUI Fatwa Commission on January 8, 2020 and the MUI Fatwa No. 2 of 2021 has been issued/decided.