Analysis of Heavy Metals Pb and Mn in River Water at Putri Cempo Landfill

Distribution of heavy metals Hg, Pb, and Cr in the coastal waters of small islands of Ternate, Indonesia

Industrial development along Garang Watershed has been worrying people for allegedly nearly all plants waste products into Garang watershed that would trigger changes in water quality, which can lead to contamination of the river water. Cadmium and Lead are toxic substances that cause chronic poisoning in human. Both types of heavy metals have very high toxicity value and much produced as industrial waste that is along Garang Watershed. This research is an exploratory observation with a quantitative approach that has purpose to describe the content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in water, sediment, wader fish (Puntius bramoides), nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti), lunjar fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia) in Kaligarang. The result of this research suggests that the content of heavy metal Cd on Kaligarang average of 0008 mg/l and the content of heavy metal Pb average of 0020 mg/l. The content of heavy metals Cd and Pb in Kaligarang sediment vary. The content of heavy metal Cd between 0.0071 mg/kg - 0.0474 mg/kg, while the content of heavy metal Pb between 0.0493 mg/kg - 0.3481 mg/kg. The research of the content of Cd and Pb in wader fish (Puntius bramoides), nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti), lunjar fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia) in Kaligarang suggests that the highest content of Cd and Pb is found in nilem fish (Osteochilus hasselti) liver, that is the content of Cd 0.096 mg/kg and Pb 0.180 mg/kg at station 3. This value is substandard set by the FDR New Zealand, FAO, and SNI. 7387.2009, About Heavy Metal Contamination Maximum Limit in Food. Accumulation of heavy metals Cd and Pb in fish between Tugu Suharto and Simongan station is relatively similar. It is caused the location both of stations adjacent to the condition of water are relatively slope slightly and quiet, making it easier for fish organism migrates between both of stations. Nilem Fish (Osteochilus hasselti) is the best bio indicator for heavy metals Cd and Pb because it can accumulate heavy metals Cd and Pb greater than wader fish (Puntius bramoides) and lunjar fish (Rasbora argyrotaenia). Kaligarang is a standard water source of drinking water, it should be intensified in Garang Watershed management, so it can reduce contamination into Kaligarang. Keywords : Accumulation, Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Bioindicator

Mangroves are transitional ecosystems between land and sea where their growth is influenced by the presence of sediment, salinity, temperature, pH, DO, and other environmental factors. One of the functions of mangroves is to play a role in the absorption or binding heavy metals. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the content of heavy metals Cu and Pb in waters and soil (sediment), (2) to determine the content of heavy metals Cu and Pb in the roots and leaves of Avicennia marina , (3) to determine the effect of differences in soil texture (sediment) on the absorption of heavy metals Cu and Pb in the mangrove Avicennia marina and (4) to determine the percentage of absorption of Avicennia marina on heavy metals Cu and Pb in the coastal waters of Sungai Bakau Village. The research design was carried out using a single factor CRD (Completely Randomized Design) with differences in soil texture (sediment) on the absorption of heavy metals Cu and Pb in Avicennia marina in the coastal waters of Sungai Bakau Village. The results showed that the heavy metal content of Cu in the waters was 0.027 ppm and 0.131 ppm Pb, while in the soil (sediment) the heavy metal Cu was 1.475 ppm and the heavy metal Pb was 6.560 ppm. Cu content of heavy metal in mangrove roots was 14.223 ppm and heavy metal Pb was 1.270 ppm, while in mangrove leaves heavy metal Cu 8.607 ppm and heavy metal Pb 0.577 ppm. Differences in soil texture (sediments) have a significant effect on the absorption of heavy metals Cu and Pb in the Avicennia marina mangroves in the coastal waters of Sungai Bakau Village. The absorption percentage of Avicennia marina mangrove uptake of heavy metals Cu and Pb in the coastal waters of Sungai Bakau Village shows that uptake of heavy metal Cu is higher than uptake of heavy metal Pb.

Mining activities and community activities around the Way Umpu River have the potential to be the main source of the decline in the water quality of the Way Umpu River. Therefore, to determine the level of pollution in the Way Umpu River, it is necessary to test the quality of river water using several chemical and physical parameters such as TSS (Total Suspended Solid), DO (Dissolved Oxygen), BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), and Phosphate. The study aims to study the differences in levels of TSS, DO, BOD, COD, and phosphate in river water before and after the mining location. The research is an observational study. Samples were taken from two points, namely the upstream (before the mining location) and the downstream (after the mining location). The average result after the analysis test is then compared with the river water quality standard in accordance with the provisions of Government Regulation no. 11 of 2012 concerning class III river water quality standards. There is no significant difference before and after mining location for the average levels of TSS, DO, BOD, and Phosphate parameters (p-value > 0.05). In the COD parameter, there is a significant difference (p-value < 0.05). Overall, the average yields of TSS, DO, BOD, COD, and Phosphate after the mining location have met the quality standards set out in accordance with Government Regulation. Therefore, it can be concluded that mining activities and community activities around the Way Umpu River have not completely decreased the water quality of the Way Umpu River in the last four years.

Safitri R, Riswanda J, Armanda F. 2020. Monitoring of heavy metal polution the lead (Pb) with bio indicator baung fish (Hemibagrus nemurus) at the Musi River of South Sumatra. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal : Journal of Suboptimal Lands 9(2): 127-138.The high activity of the community in the musi river waters could affect the quality of river water, and can even caused water pollution and aquatic biota including fish baung (Hemibagrus nemurus) by lead heavy metals (Pb). This study aimed to determine the lead (Pb) heavy metal content of baung fish (H. nemurus) catches of fishermen in the musi river waters of palembang city. This research was conducted in May-June 2019. The method used is quantitative descriptive. The sample of this research is the meat, skin, liver, kidney and gill of baung fish (H. nemurus) which are tested for lead (Pb) heavy metal content using aas (atomic absorption spectrophotometry). The results of this study indicated that the concentration of heavy metal the lead (Pb) in fish baung (H. nemurus) in the waters of the musi river on the average meat of 0.046 mg/kg, on the skin of 0.058 mg/kg, in the liver of 0.1516 mg/kg, in the kidney at 0.2513 mg/kg, and in the gills at 0.2216 mg/kg. The Pb concentration on the meat, skin and liver samples were still below the established quality standards so that they were still suitable for consumption while the kidney and fish gill samples are above the quality standards that have been set based on the regulations of the Regulations Drug and Food Control Agency (DFCA) number 5 of 2018 which is equal to 0.20 mg/kg.

River water quality is influenced by several factors, one of then is caused by industrial waste discharged into river bodies. Effluent discharged into water bodies contains heavy metals, pungent odours, and makes the colour of water in water bodies cloudy. the purpose of the study examined the effect of tannery effluent distance on the water quality of the Gandong River in Magetan Regency. Benefits For the company As a consideration to maximize WWTP processing actions so as not to pollute the river environment. for the surrounding community to know also the consequences caused by pollution of tanning industry waste so that they are more careful in reprocessing the use of river water. This type of the reseach was observational with a cross sectional approach. A purposive sampling technique was used. The data analysis methode was a correlation test by comparing laboratory test results with Gandong River water quality standards according to PP. RI. No 82 of 2001. Parametric statistical tests using Product-Moment Correlation to determine the relationsbetweenp of distance from the tannery industry affects the water quality of the Gandong River in Magetan Regency. The results showed that the water quality of Gandong River did not meet the requirements of COD 118 mg/l and colour 61.85 TCU/PtCo, at a distance of 250 m which exceeded the quality standards of COD 133 mg/l and colour 54.90 TCU/PtCo, at a distance of 500 m which did not meet the requirements of COD 89 mg/l, at a distance of 750 m which did not meet the requirements of COD 89 mg/l. temperature and TSS parameters. The highest results at a distance of 0 m of 27˚C and 368 mg / l meet the quality standard requirements for odour obtained odorous results. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the parameters of pH, TSS, Temperature, and Odour still meet the quality standards and the parameters of colour, COD do not meet the quality standards. Based on the Product Moment correlation analysis, the relationship between distance and river water quality shows different values for correlation results that have a relationship, namely the parameters of odour, colour, COD and results that do not have a correlation of temperature and TSS. So the farther the distance from the pollutant source, the better the river water quality.

Abstract. Pitasari IS, Setyono P, Wiryanto. 2022. Analysis of water quality and heavy metal content of chromium in water, sediment, and flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the Premulung River, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Intl J Bonorowo Wetlands 12: 56-62. The river is a lotic ecosystem that plays an essential role in living things' lives, including as a habitat for aquatic organisms, drainage channels, and water sources for human needs. The Premulung River crosses the city of Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. The area along the Premulung River is surrounded by settlements, markets, textile industries, batik, screen printing, and hospitals, which produce waste that has the potential to pollute and degrade water quality. This study is aimed to determine the water quality and content of heavy chromium metal (Cr) in water, sediment, and tilapia meat (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758) in the Premulung River, Surakarta City, as well as the relationship between chromium content in water, in sediment and fish meat. This research was conducted by field observation at three stations of the Premulung River flows, namely under the Kleco Bridge, Griyan, and Jongke. The parameter data of temperature, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, COD, and Cr water compared to PPRI No. 82 of 2001 (class 2 water); chromium sediment compared to ANZECC Year 2000; Fish meat chromium compared to CFSA 2012. The Premulung River water quality was analyzed using the STORET method, while the Pearson correlation analyzed the relationship between chromium in water, sediment, and fish meat. The results showed that the water quality of the Premulung River in Surakarta City was moderately polluted. The heavy metal content of Premulung River chromium water (ttd to 0.0344) mg/L and chromium sediment (1.307-4.948) mg/kg still meets the standard quality, while the tilapia meat chromium (1.958-3.535) mg/kg exceeds the standard quality. The relationship between chromium water content was very strong and directly proportional (r= 0.997) with chromium fish meat, while chromium sediment with chromium fish meat was inversely proportional (r= -0.470).

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Musi River is one of the biggest river of twelve big rivers in South Sumatra Province. Water quality of this river affects the water quality in the estuary and biological health in its surrounding so that it is important to determine the Cu and Pb concentrations. The purposes of this study were to analize distribution of heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and to determine the water quality status in March and September 2014. The water and sediment samples were collected from eight stations along the Musi River from downstream to the estuary. Heavy metal concentration was analized by employing USEPA 30050B method using AAS Spektra plus variant with air mixure flame – acetylene. Dissolved Cu and Pb concentrations in March were 0,002 - 0,006 mg/l and 0,002-0,003 mg/l, respectively, while in September were 0,001-0,010 mg/lfor Cu and 0,001-0,005 mg/lfor Pb. Cu and Pb concentrations in sediment detected in March were 6,92-16,4 mg/l and 1,9-11,4 mg/l, respectively, while in September were 2,3-13,9 mg/l for Cu and 4,29-9,95 mg/l for Pb. Student test analysis showed that was no significant differences between Pb and Cu concentrations (dissolved and sediment) between March and September. Generally, the concentration of heavy metals Cu and Pb in Musi River estuary were still below specified quality standards.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;h&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;eavy metal, Cu, Pb, &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;the &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Musi River&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;,&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt; estuary&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

River is an important component of the environment can not be separated from agricultural fields and plantations. Rivers play an important role in irrigation of agricultural crops and plantation society. Baboons current river conditions are thought to have experienced a decline in water quality due to various human activities such as residential, agricultural and industrial. Water quality degradation caused by agriculture and plantations because in order to increase agricultural production and farming, both quantitative and qualitative, have supported the use of pesticides. In its implementation, the use of these pesticides often do not follow the rules, which tend to be in high quantity in order to get quick results in halting the growth of pests and diseases. Pesticides used on farm fields, most or even all will fall into the water and polluting the waters. This study aims to analyze the water quality of the river baboons by river water quality standards according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001, as well as analyzing the pollution load entering the river Pesticides baboons derived from agricultural activities. The results showed BOD and COD at some point has exceeded the quality standard required. The index value of the upstream to downstream pollution tends to increase, exceeding the quality standards specified in the criteria unyuk river water quality standard Class II. River baboons have contained residues of endosulfan insecticide in concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 ug / L.

Statistical analysis and water quality modeling towards holistic health assessment of Himalayan and peninsular rivers of India

Industrial effluent contains toxic heavy metals that can affect the water quality, human health, aquatic life, and the ecosystem. The contaminated water may able to spread various diseases and health risk for living organisms. This study throws light on the quality of Ganga river water and industrial effluent water of State Industrial Development Corporation of Uttarakhand Limited (SIDCUL) at Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India. Physico-chemical parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), and temperature) were studied to check the quality of water at study areas. Approximately all the research study areas were observed with the less amount or below the permissible limit of DO. The availability of total heavy metal ions concentration in effluent and river water was analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The total six toxic heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Cd, Zn, and Pb) were tested for their presence in effluent and water samples. The four heavy metals [Fe (0.3 mg/l), Pb (0.01 mg/l), Mn (0.4 mg/l), Cd (0.003 mg/l)] were found above their standard permissible limits in water and effluent as per the guidelines of 2019 of world health organisation (WHO). To balance water supply and demand in a healthy manner, water quality is an important factor.

The effects of industrial, agriculture and domestic discharges on the quality of water for irrigation along Asa River located in Ilorin were assessed. In this study, Asa river in which effluent from different industries is discharged was studied for heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) to ascertain its water quality for irrigation and sediment. Water and sediment samples were collected at four points used for dry season irrigation along the river. The total concentration of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (210/211 VAP model). The range of concentration of these metals in water were Cu (1.23 5.60)mg/l, Pb (2.20-4.10), Zn (2.60-5.11)mg/l and Cd (1.80-5.01)mg/l, while that of sediment were Cu (1.80-5.09)mg/kg, Pb (2.54-5.89)mg/kg, Zn (3.84 5.21)mg/kg and Cd (3.02-6.02)mg/kg. It was found that the metals in water and sediment were above the permissible level by FEPA(1999) and W.H.O (1996). The index of salinity hazard in water was found below the FAO (1997) standard for EC (0.04-0.29) and pH (6.0-6.3) as well as U.S Salinity (1954) level for SP (0.17-0.44) %, which showed that the water was not saline. Pyrite was prominent at location three receiving effluent from a detergent and pharmaceutical industries ladened Osere river and received by Asa River. The finding showed that the quality of Asa River water for irrigation is very poor due to the high level of heavy metals in water and sediment. Consequently, the high level of metal concentration in the study area would lead to the people dependent on this river water for domestic use including cooking, bathing, washing and even drinking or for agricultural uses like fishing and farming may be exposed to public health risks. Also, the irrigated soil by this River water would influence soil processes and soil organism induction to the soil ecosystem through a reduction in the soil microbial population and the concomitant soil nutrient transformation. Similarly, due to the high level of these metals in the soil which could be transfered to the plant tissue (vegetables), their consumption could be cancerous. Keywords: Asa River, Heavy metals and salinity hazard, water quality and sediment pollution

ABSTRACTDissolved and particulate heavy metals play a role in geochemical cycle as an agent in adsorption-desorption, deposition-resuspension, and dispersion mechanisms of heavy metals in water environment. The objectives of this research were to determine the distribution and behaviour of dissolved and particulate heavy metals Pb and Zn in different seasons (west and east seasons) at Jeneberang Estuary of Makassar. Concentrations of Pb and Zn were analysed using Atomic Adsorption Spectrophotometry based on APHA, AWWA, WEF (2005). The concentration of dissolved Pb in the riverine, estuarine, and marine waters were in the range (average) of &lt;0.002 mg/L (below detectable limit), 0.013-0.144 mg/L (0.047 mg/L), 0.016-0.198 mg/L (0.079 mg/L); and the concen-tration of dissolved Zn were in the range (average) of &lt;0.002 mg/L (below detectable limit), &lt;0.002-0.014 mg/L (0.005 mg/L), &lt;0.002-0.083 mg/L (0.017 mg/L). Meanwhile, the concentration of parti-culate Pb were in the range (average) of 1.807-2.569 mg kg-1 (2.215 mg kg-1), 0.521-1.272 mg kg-1 (0.911 mg kg-1), 0.465-2.182 mg kg-1 (1.033 mg kg-1), and the concentration of particulate Zn were in the range (average) of 19.151-90.942 mg kg-1 (51.710 mg kg-1), 16.999-63.059 mg kg-1 (31.694 mg kg-1), 19.439-80.283 mg kg-1 (45.554 mg kg-1) in the riverine, estuarine and marine waters, respecti-vely. Behaviour of dissolved heavy metals Pb and Zn showed that the concentrations tended to increase (desorption) along the gradient of high salinity as a result of the higher heavy metals input from coastal region than that riverine regimes.Keywords: distribution, behaviour, dissolved, particulate, heavy metal, Jeneberang Estuary

River Musa in Bida, Nigeria is of great importance to the people of the town and its environs. Due to the indiscriminate disposal of domestic and industrial effluents into the river, there is a need to evaluate the river water quality for drinking purpose. The objective of this study was to evaluate some selected physicochemical parameters (Total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, ammonia (NH4), Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium and four heavy metals ( Fe, Pb, Cu and Mn)) of water from River Musa to reveal the detailed water quality of the river for its suitability for drinking purpose. To achieve this objective, the Canadian Council Water Quality index (CCWQI) was applied to the analytical results of the selected parameters to obtain a single value that was used to rank the river at each of the sampling locations. The annualaverage water quality indexes (for both rainy and dry season) at five locations are (40.9, 42, 40, 39.1 and 37.5). The results showed that the water quality of the entire river is poor (39.9) and the river water is not suitable for drinking purposes.

Degradation of water quality is a major challenge in both developed and developing countries since it poses a great risk to ecological health. The Cauvery river is one of the most important rivers of southern India, where the effect of seasonal variation on the quality of river water and its adjoining groundwater on the lower part of the basin has not yet been studied. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the river water and adjacent groundwater for drinking and irrigational purposes, and also to identify the sources affecting the water quality. About 118 river water and 131 groundwater samples were collected over 4 months from May 2018 to August 2019. The water samples were analyzed for electrical conductivity (EC), pH, major and minor ions, and trace elements. The major, minor, and trace elements were then compared with the Bureau of Indian Standards and World Health Organization for drinking water quality assessment. The drinking water quality was assessed, indicating that both river water and groundwater were unsuitable in the coastal regions, especially during dry seasons. Irrigation water quality was also assessed, which indicates that most of the river water and groundwater samples were unsuitable near the coastal region. The quality of river water and groundwater in the lower Cauvery Basin was found to be better during wet periods compared to the dry season. It was observed that the rock–water interactions was the major factor controlling the water quality for groundwater and surface water, followed by anthropogenic activities such as disposal of domestic sewage and effluents into the river, as runoff from irrigated lands. The study emphasizes the development of a finer observational network for water quality, along with stringent monitoring of the disposal of contaminants in the rivers and groundwater.