Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the expression of HAX-1 mRNA and protein in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its relation with the prognosis of patients with ESCC.MethodsThe expression of HAX-1 mRNA and protein were detected with quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method in 112 ESCC samples and 112 corresponding non-neoplastic samples. Survival curves were made with follow-up data. The relations of the prognosis with clinical and pathological characteristics were analyzed.ResultsThe expression level of HAX-1 mRNA and the strong positive rate of HAX-1 protein were significantly higher in ESCC samples (0.527 ± 0.060 and 45.54%) than that in non-neoplastic samples (0.121 ± 0.017 and 0.00%), and in ESCC samples with lymph node metastasis (0.554 ± 0.054 and 71.11%) than that in ESCC samples without lymph node metastasis (0.509 ± 0.058 and 28.36%) (all P < 0.01). HAX-1 mRNA expression level was a risk factor of lymph node metastasis in patients with ESCC (P = 0.000). There were significant differences in survival curves between lymph node metastatic group and non-metastatic group (P = 0.000), and among groups of HAX-1 protein expression +, ++and +++(,P = 0.000); but no statistical significance between male patients and female patients (P = 0.119), and between ≥60 years old patients and <60 years old patients (P = 0.705). The level of HAX-1 mRNA (P = 0.000) and protein (P = 0.005) were risk factors of survival, but lymph node metastasis (P = 0.477) was not.ConclusionThere is HAX-1 over-expression in ESCC tissue and HAX-1 mRNA level is a risk factor of lymph node metastasis. The level of HAX-1 mRNA and protein were risk factors of survival in patients with ESCC. HAX-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for ESCC treatment.Virtual slidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5130393079296037
Highlights
HS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) which can interact with hematopoietic cell specific Lyn substrate 1 (HS1), a Src kinase substrate involved in the maturation of T cells, was originally identified by Suzuki et al [1] with yeast two-hybrid system in 1997
HAX-1 mRNA is over-expressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples and is a risk factor of lymph node metastasis The relative expression level of HAX-1 mRNA was significantly higher in ESCC samples (112 samples, 0.527 ± 0.060) than that in non-neoplastic samples(112 corresponding samples, 0.121 ± 0.017) (t = −69.347, P = 0.000), and in ESCC samples with lymph node metastasis (45 samples, 0.554 ± 0.054) than that in ESCC samples without lymph node metastasis (67 samples, 0.509 ± 0.058) (t = 4.240, P = 0.000) (Table 1)
Logistic regression analysis indicated that the relative expression level of HAX-1 mRNA was a risk factor of lymph node metastasis in the patients with ESCC (Wald χ2 = 12.743, P = 0.000)
Summary
HS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) which can interact with hematopoietic cell specific Lyn substrate 1 (HS1), a Src kinase substrate involved in the maturation of T cells, was originally identified by Suzuki et al [1] with yeast two-hybrid system in 1997. HAX-1 is related to genesis, invasion and metastasis of many tumors [12,13], and is over-expressed in a variety of tumors [12,14,15]. Such as oral squamous cell carcinoma [16], lung cancer [17], lymphoma, melanoma [12], leukemia, myeloma, breast cancer and hepatoma [18]. To explore the role of HAX-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to provide a basis for finding new anti-esophageal cancer drugs, we detected the expression of HAX-1 mRNA and protein with realtime RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method, and made the survival analysis in 112 patients with ESCC
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