Analysis Of Factors Influencing Knowledge Flow Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques (The Case Of Study: Knowledge-Based Companies In Yazd Science And Technology Park)

The purpose of the present research was to model the competencies of knowledge-based companies using structural equation modeling. This study is applied in nature and, in terms of methodology, is a mixed-methods research (qualitative–quantitative). The statistical population of the research consisted of 7 to 12 experts whose opinions were used in the qualitative section to identify categories. For the modeling stage, the statistical population comprised managers and experts familiar with the field of competencies of knowledge-based companies located in incubators and science and technology parks. Cochran’s formula for unknown populations was used, and the sample size was determined to be 384 individuals. The sampling method was available random sampling. To identify the factors, categories and concepts were first extracted through interviews. The result of this stage yielded 31 axial codes and 358 open codes. Next, in the following stage, the Delphi technique was applied, through which causal, contextual, intervening, strategic, and consequential conditions were screened across three rounds. Ultimately, consensus was reached on 102 open codes and 31 selected codes. Finally, structural equation modeling and partial least squares were employed using Smart PLS software for the modeling stage. The findings of the research indicated that the competency model of knowledge-based companies is formed under 7 causal conditions, 4 contextual conditions, 6 intervening factors, and 6 strategies. Ultimately, 7 major consequences for knowledge-based companies located in incubators and science and technology parks were identified. These consequences, in order of priority, include organizational growth, improvement of organizational strategic thinking, resilience of human resource processes, improvement of organizational conditions, organizational outcomes, enhancement of organizational efficiency, and an increase in the level of organizational competitiveness. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that in the process of competency modeling for knowledge-based companies located in incubators and science and technology parks, attention should be given to a wide range of factors, criteria, and sub-criteria in order to achieve appropriate results and maximize productivity.

Providing a Model for Comme rcialization of Knowledge-Based Agricultural Ideas for Enhancement of Technological Capabilities (Case Study: Knowledge-Based Companies in Science and Technology Parks)

Background and Objectives: Among the many factors, researchers have pointed to the existence of a wide range of models and tools for knowledge management success, which makes it difficult for companies to choose the right model according to the internal conditions of the company. Given the knowledge of many health businesses, increasing managerial skills will not be possible without considering the success of knowledge management. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to develop a causal model to improve knowledge management in knowledge-based companies in the field of health by combining themes of analysis methods and structural-interpretive modeling. Material and Methods: The research method is mixed using the qualitative research method of theme analysis, the success factors of knowledge management in knowledge-based companies in the field of health are identified and in the next step, based on confirmatory factor analysis, the results of the qualitative section in the statistical community of knowledge companies The foundations of the field of health have been examined and in the next step, using the interpretive structural modeling method, the causal model of success factors has been developed. Results: The results of the research in the qualitative section show nine main themes including knowledge management strategy, industrial environmental factors, cultural factors, IT infrastructure development, individual factors, organizational factors, Knowledge management incentives, subjective norms and central category (knowledge management). It came with forty-two sub-themes. Also, the results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate the appropriateness of the main themes extracted from the qualitative part. The results of structural-interpretive modeling also showed that knowledge management strategy and environmental and industrial factors are considered as the main factors in the success of knowledge management. Conclusion: The results of this study created a model of knowledge management success and also showed the results of a quantitative part of the exact model's quality.

Science and Technology Parks (STPs) facilitate the flow of knowledge and technology among universities, R&D institutions, companies and markets, and foster the creation and growth of innovation-based companies. Among the diversity of STPs, it is possible to identify two types: Science Parks (SPs), which involves university shareholding and Technology Parks (TPs), which are not owned by universities. This study will take into account just SPs due they are closely linked to the university, and they are the bridge between University and companies in the process of Knowledge and Technology Transfer (KTT). The evaluation of the firm’s performance in SPs results in determinant to identify the needs of the companies and the feasibility of the University-Business Collaboration (UBC). Firm’s real needs also are of interest of Universities, since they face the challenge of designing strategies that best help them to transfer the knowledge more effectively. While previous studies have been focused on tenants’ innovation performance on-Park and off-Park, very little research has taken into account the Parks heterogeneity that may affect the firm’s performance. This research focuses on SPs in Spain and Mexico due to data availability. This paper (1) aims to identify the Key Performance Indicators (KPI’s) used by Companies co-located at SPs, and (2) explore the performance measure and critical success factors of SPs. For this study, data was collected through 71 online company surveys in Spain and 19 online company surveys in Mexico. This empirical analysis uses ten semi-structured interviews to explore (KPI’s) and success factors of SPs in both countries.

Credit Risk Modeling of Knowledge-based Companies Case Study: Knowledge-based Companies in Science and Technology Parks of Semnan Province

Knowledge-based economies and the movement towards capital gaining through the application of science and knowledge, are undeniable necessities for the preservation and survival of universities. Furthermore, they help meet the needs of the people at universities and the society. Universities of medical sciences across the country contain creative human resource (including faculty members, students, graduates and employees) with technological ideas. However, they show little tendency towards commercialization and creation of knowledge-based companies. This research is intended to provide a model for creating knowledge-based companies through SWOT approach in medical universities in Mazandaran province. This applied research follows field method to regard the level of control of field variables. In terms of data collection it is a descriptive research relying on context search. The research can also be regarded as an exploratory research by some considerations. The statistical population of the qualitative stage includes 15 scientific experts, chairmen and experts of the university's development centers, research and technology units of the university, officials and experts of the science and technology parks, and experts of knowledge-based companies. The statistical population of the quantitative phase include the faculty members of medical sciences universities in Mazandaran (University of Babul and Mazandaran University) including 750 professors from whom a sample of 256 people were selected as the sample by stratified random sampling method based on Morgan table. A researcher-made questionnaire, containing 45 items, was developed as a result of interviews for data collection. The validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed. Qualitative data analysis of the research was done through open coding and central coding. For the analysis of quantitative data, the structural equation model test using the partial least squares method (PLS) was used for performing factor analysis. Using the structural equation model test, the researchers designed the final research model as a model for creating knowledge-based companies through SWOT approach for medical universities. The model illustrates the share of each factors. Threats occupy the highest factor load and first rank with a factor load of 0.813. Opportunities fit the second rank with a factor load of 0.787. Strengths with a factor load of 0.0569 take the third rank and the factor of weaknesses take the fourth rank with a factor load of 0.266..

The present study theoretically identifies the meaningful human resource management (HRM) practices that explain the emergence of two distinct dimensions of firm‐level knowledge management, namely, firm knowledge stock and flow, which are critical drivers of firm innovation. We also propose that these knowledge dimensions interact synergistically and that their effects on firm innovation are accentuated in firms with strong innovation strategy. The proposed theoretical framework was tested using multisource, large‐scale data collected from 203 manufacturing companies at three time points over a 5‐year period. Analysis confirmed that stock‐building and flow‐facilitating HRM practices increase firm‐level knowledge stock and flow, respectively. Firm knowledge flow (but not knowledge stock) exhibited a significant positive main effect on firm innovation. Firm knowledge stock was not related significantly to firm innovation, but it became a significant predictor of firm innovation when existing along a high level of firm knowledge flow, as well as in firms adopting innovation strategies. The present study provides significant insights for researchers and practitioners by offering comprehensive understanding of the nomological network of firm‐level knowledge management enhanced by effective HRM practices.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the impact of multiple strategic orientations (entrepreneurial orientation and learning orientation) and strategic flexibility (coordination flexibility and resource flexibility) on product innovation in knowledge-based companies located in Kerman city. This research, in terms of methodology, is a descriptive-survey study (utilizing a standardized questionnaire), and in terms of purpose, it is applied research. The statistical population of this study includes all CEOs, financial managers, marketing managers, and production managers of knowledge-based companies situated in the Science and Technology Park of Kerman Province in the year 2022. The sampling method was purposive. The reliability of the aforementioned questionnaire was estimated at 0.904, and its content validity was confirmed by experts and academics. A total of 260 responses were collected through in-person surveys and were then analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. For data analysis, SPSS version 24 and PLS version 3 software were employed. Our findings indicated that entrepreneurial orientation has a significant impact on learning orientation, coordination flexibility, and product innovation in knowledge-based companies. Moreover, learning orientation has a positive effect on coordination flexibility and product innovation. Additionally, the moderating role of resource flexibility in the relationship between coordination flexibility and product innovation was confirmed. Ultimately, coordination flexibility and learning orientation mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and product innovation. Based on the findings of this study, it is possible to identify the factors that influence product innovation under the current competitive conditions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors relating to R&D cooperation among companies located in science and technology parks (STPs), and the effects of that cooperation. First, we analyze the factors that may determine firm propensity to cooperate, such as innovative behavior and knowledge flows, or spillovers. Second, we analyze the impact of R&D cooperation on innovation and on firm performance. To do so, we have used a sample of 363 industrial and services companies located in STPs. The results show that the innovative behavior of firms in STPs and the related spillovers encourage the establishment of cooperation agreements. We also observed that R&D cooperation has a significant positive effect on firm propensity to innovate on product and organizational aspects, and that companies who cooperate on R&D file more patents and achieve better business results in the medium term.

Several universities have recently made the front page of newspapers, televisions, and other media, but, unfortunately, the reason behind this was not their day-to-day work, focused on training and research, but some cases of malpractice by certain academics who used and abused the institution for personal gain. 
 By its very nature as a public service, the University is based on analysis and criticism, including self-criticism. Very few institutions are. Perhaps that is why, without ignoring the fact that there is room for improvement, we must prove the increasingly important role that these public bodies have been given, as well as their achievements for social benefit and progress. In our country, in just a few decades, public universities went from being centres devoted exclusively to higher education to fully participate in research. And in even less time, they have been able to overcome the paradigm of a Humboldtian university, adding a third pillar – the transfer of knowledge to society in its different facets – to the two traditional foundations, teaching and research. 
 In recent years, European, Spanish, and Valencian governments have emphasised the need to create knowledge-based companies and to provide advances that can be applied to the real economy. The University of Valencia proposed a strategic project so that part of the knowledge it generated could transform into direct benefits for our fellow citizens, in the form of improvements in product and service creation and, in general, in innovation within the productive system. Thus, the Science and Technology Park of the University of Valencia (PCUV in its Valencian initialism) was officially inaugurated in 2009, conceived as a space for the daily coexistence of academia and business. In this period, several research institutes have been consolidated, new ones have emerged (some within the Spanish National Research Council) and, for the first time, knowledge-based companies are being regarded in their own right. A total of 200 companies have flourished in the Science and Technology Park in almost a decade. Some have disappeared due to market difficulties and the economic crisis, but others have grown so much that they have continued their development and internationalisation in other places, responding to new space needs or to a level of consolidation that makes them independent of the University’s commitment to entrepreneurship. 
 The Science and Technology Park currently hosts 85 innovative companies with an annual turnover of over 30 million euros. These companies have generated 470 direct jobs close to gender equality (43 % of women and 57 % of men), and where graduates represent 83.7 % (15 % of whom hold PhDs). These figures show that the institutional commitment made it possible to generate an active innovative ecosystem that, in under ten years, has made a positive impact on our environment.
 We live in an age of dizzying novelties, where new technologies in robotics, ICT, big data, biotechnology, or materials – all of which are areas of activity that are present at the PCUV – will achieve breakthroughs that were previously unimaginable. Therefore, twenty-first-century universities must participate in these challenges that will eventually lead to a new and sustainable economic model and contribute to solving the problems that those new circumstances will create in society. Universities, generators of knowledge and innovation, must be restless and sensitive to change, ready to face new challenges and help societies improve and move forward.

سازمان ارزش‌بنیان برای خلق ارزش، بر ارزش‌ها متکی است، ارزش‌هایی که ترجمان انتظارات ذینفعان سازمان است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر سازمان ارزش‌بنیان بر خلق ارزش در شرکت‌های دانش بنیان با نقش میانجی اخلاق کاری است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل 530 نفر از مدیران شرکت‌های دانش بنیان پارک‌‌های علم و فناوری شهر تهران بوده که از میان آنها 222 نفر با استفاده از فرمول کوکران بعنوان نمونه انتخاب گردیدند. برای سنجش متغیرهای پژوهش از پرسشنامه استاندارد محقق ساخته استفاده گردید و پایایی پرسشنامه به وسیله آلفای کرونباخ مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. پس از تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها به وسیله نرم افزار پی‌ال‌اس مشخص گردید که سازمان ارزش‌بنیان هم بصورت مستقیم و هم از طریق اخلاق کاری و مولفه‌های آن موجب خلق ارزش و بهبود روابط سازمان با ذینفعان مرتبط با شبکه ارتباطات می‌گردد. رعایت مسائل اخلاقی و ارزش‌های سازمانی موجب بهبود تصویر سازمان در نگاه ذینفعان مستقیم و غیر مستقیم و تقویت آتیه سازمان می‌گردد. همچنین از سازمان های بالادستی انتظار می رود که در راستای حل تعارض منافع و رعایت مسائل اخلاقی در شبکه کسب و کار راه را برای خلق روز افزون ارزش شرکت های دانش بنیان فراهم گردانند.

Science parks have spread throughout the world as mechanisms to promote innovation, technology transfer, knowledge exchange, generation of skilled employment and socioeconomic development. Nevertheless, a current challenge for a venture is the development of more detailed performance management system, representing the major stakeholders, demonstrating results and indicating opportunities for improvement. To contribute to fulfilling this gap, this work proposes a model for performance management of science parks, using the management tool Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as a reference. In drawing up this model, a multiple case study was designed in three Brazilian science parks in operation. The justification for the development of this model is the need for the creation and improvement of a management tool that is a reference for science parks’ managers and stakeholders. Thereby, it is expected that the model helps managers understand the strategic goals and performance indicators common to these ventures. The research contributions by extending known solutions to new problems and the results could be applied in several science parks.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the company's business strategy in knowledge-based companies ofinformation and communication technology (ICT) services. The purpose of this research is applicable and is ofdescriptive research categories.The statistical populationincludes80 executives of knowledge-based companiesbased in science and technology parks of Tehran University,campus, Isfahan,Khorasan and Farsthat wereengaged in the field of ICT services.By using Cochran's formula, 60 executives were estimated as the sample,and the samples were selected randomly.Main research tool was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmedby a panel of experts in different aspects of validity, content and structure. The reliability of the survey tool wasconfirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which represents the suitable reliability of research tool (92%).Theresults showed that the lack of adequate financial resources incompanies has been an important weakness. Themain strength of the companies is to choose unique product or special one with clear market demand. The mainthreat in these companies is the rapid advance of technology and the lack of investment in new technologies. Themain opportunity for these companies is to cooperation with industry in the development of products andservices. The existing strengths in knowledge-based companies are more than their weaknesses. On the otherhand, threats are stronger than opportunities, so the strategic deployment flexibility is in ST area and dominantstrategy is defined as diversification strategy.

Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of innovation capability on technology commercialization performance in Knowledge-Based Companies by considering the mediating variable of organizational innovation. Methodology: The present research is applied in a practical, descriptive and survey-oriented way. The statistical population of this research consists of 99 top managers of Knowledge-Based Companies in modares’s Science and Technology Park. A randomized stratified sampling method was used to select the statistical sample. Using Cochran sampling formula(10% error), the number of sample member was calculated to be 87 people. At the end, 81 questionnaires were correctly filled. In order to analyze the data, the Structural Equation Modeling based on partial least squares method has been explioted using Smart PLS software. Findings: The results of analysis of research hypotheses showed that innovation capability has significantly positive effects on the technology commercialization performance. Moreover, organizational innovation mediated the relationship between innovation capability and technology commercialization performance. Conclusion: Creating competitive advantage and survival of knowledge-based companies is a continuous enhancement of innovation capability, providing a framework for the development of organizational innovation, and enhancing technology commercialization.

PurposeThe purpose of this study paper is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the knowledge flow in high-tech industries.Design/methodology/approachThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method. This research has been done in a qualitative–quantitative method. In the qualitative part, due to the nature of the data in this study, expert interviews have been used. The sample studied in this research includes 35 managers and expert professors with experience in the field of knowledge management working in universities and high-tech industries who have been selected by the method of snowball. In the quantitative part, the questionnaire tool and DANP multivariate decision-making method have been used.FindingsIn this study, a multicriteria decision-making technique using a combination of DEMATEL and ANP (DANP) was used to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the knowledge flow in high-tech industries. In this study, the factors affecting the knowledge flow, including 8 main factors and 31 subfactors, were selected. Human resources, organizational structure, organizational culture, knowledge communication, knowledge management tools, knowledge characteristics, laws, policies and regulations and financial resources were effective in improving knowledge flow, respectively.Originality/valueBy studying the research, it was found that the study area is limited, and the previous work has remained at the level of documentation and little practical use has been done. In previous research, the discussion of knowledge flow has not been very open, and doing incomplete work causes limited experiences and increases cost and time wastage, and parallel work may also occur. Therefore, to complete the knowledge management circle and fully achieve the research objectives, as well as to make available and transfer the experiences of people working in this field and also to save time and reduce costs, the contents and factors of previous models have been counted. It is designed for high-tech industries, a model for the flow of knowledge.