Analysis of factors influencing domestic violence: Systematic literature review

This article reports the findings of a qualitative study that examined 124 social work students’ views on the causes and dynamics of domestic violence and their recommended interventions in a case scenario. Most students graduated from the master of social work (MSW) program with a mental health perspective on domestic violence. Only a small percentage were aware of specific interventions for domestic violence and many continued to attribute domestic violence to mental health and substance abuse problems in the victim and perpetrator. Graduates with domestic violence experience varied little from their peers in suggested domestic violence interventions or comments about the causes of domestic violence. The findings suggest that a deliberate, focused attempt to inform students about domestic violence is needed, rather than a reliance on general MSW courses. This article presents research on social work graduates’ views on the causes of domestic violence and interventions in domestic violence cases. Domestic violence continues to be a multifaceted problem that an estimated 22% of women experience over their lifetimes (Thoennes & Tjaden, 2000). Many people believe that a woman’s behavior can contribute to intimate partner violence, some believe that women want to be abused, and a large majority believe that women can easily leave abusive relationships (Worden & Carlson, 2005). Overall, most people believe that the causes of domestic violence are rooted in the individual and family; few people view domestic violence as a problem with roots in society or culture (Worden & Carlson, 2005).

This study aimed to explore the forms and causes of domestic violence against women in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic through a systematic literature review. The review yielded eight articles published between April 2020 and November 2022 in the final sample, all of which met the inclusion criteria. The results revealed 11 forms of domestic violence against women in Jordan during and after the full and partial lockdowns due to the pandemic. Physical violence was the most prevalent form of domestic violence, followed by economic, psychological, emotional, verbal, and sexual forms, as well as control and humiliation, bullying, online abuse, harassment and neglect-related violence. The causes were a combination of economic, socio-cultural, and psychological factors emerging because of the pandemic and lockdowns (e.g., poverty, job loss, low wages, gender discrimination, double burden on women [monotonous roles, paid work], male dominance, reduced income, high cost of living). Additionally, effects of the pandemic included psychological, mental, and emotional negative consequences (e.g., anxiety, fear, stress, depression, loneliness, failure, status frustration). Individuals in Jordanian societies employed the norms, ideas, and values of the patriarchal culture to negatively adapt to the economic and psychological effects of the pandemic, which contributed to more domestic violence cases.

Domestic violence refers to physical, sexual, psychological and economic abuse from on intimate relationship due to unequal power structure between man and women. Domestic violence is a social crime, but society in India consider it is a personal matter. This thinking carry women in a vulnerable position. Domestic violence refer to violence against women specially in matrimonial house. Many causes of domestic violence in a common area are equal. The main cause of domestic violence as discrimination between male and female, social condition of women, age, education, place of residence, caste, religion, sex of the head of the house hold, standard and living work status of women and dowry. Domestic violence is recognized as the significant barriers of the empowerment of women with the consequences of physical, economic and social status. According to National Family Health Survey 2009, 40 percent women daily beaten by her husband any excuse. 31 percent women tolerate different type of domestic violence. Domestic violence is a under reported problem of India, Women did not complaint domestic violence cause of social stigma “Log Keya Kahange.” According on NGO-in India s crore women faced domestic violence in her house. In which only 0.1 percent women did complaint against it. People thinking that working women, independent women and educated women did not became victim of domestic violence. A survey in Banaglore 2005–2006 it is found that 80 percent working women became the victim of domestic violence by their husband then house wife such research to faced us reality of women empowerment. In spite of all government efforts and help of social awareness programme, dangerous incidents of domestic violence continue. In such circumstances women have to survive and lade a honorable life, for that it is necessary to change the thinking inside and outside the house towards the women.

This paper examines the forms and causes of domestic violence in John Ruganda’s The Burdens (1972) and Black Mamba (1973). It is set to bring out how domestic violence affects characters in the plays and as well as people in society since it is a prevalent act in the universe. This paper establishes that domestic violence occurs in many forms, including physical aggression or assault (hitting, kicking, biting, shoving, restraining, kidnapping, unlawful imprisonment, trespassing, harassment) or threats thereof; sexual abuse, emotional abuse, controlling or domineering, intimidation, stalking, passive covert abuse (neglect), and economic deprivation. John Ruganda’s The Burdens expresses most forms of violence but physical assault stands out. The second issue is to establish the causes of domestic violence as explored in the two plays by John Ruganda. This paper has discovered that the bit of culture that accentuates domestic violence is inheritance. Black Mamba has a twist as far as the economic factors play a role in the cause of domestic violence. Economic factors are found to play a significant role in the causes of domestic violence. These factors include women’s economic dependence on men, limited access to cash and credit, discriminatory laws regarding inheritance, property rights, use of communal lands and maintenance after divorce or widowhood, limited access to employment in formal and informal sectors, and limited access to education and training for women. The legal causes include lesser legal status of women either by written law or by practice, inheritance, the legal definition of rape and domestic abuse, low level of legal literacy among women, and insensitive treatment of women and girls.

This study was conducted with the aim of improving the dysfunctional family culture by conducting accompanying counseling on the spot in the face of concerns about recurrence after domestic violence. In order to lay the theoretical basis for companion counseling, it was explored based on previous studies such as related laws, institutions, surveys on domestic violence, and counseling theory. The subjects of the study were 160 people who reported to the police for domestic violence in the 00 area, and the family system was classified into couple families, victim families, and actors. The analysis method comprehensively analyzed the cause, type, damage, and problem-solving process of domestic violence by family system in the accompanying counseling data and observation process, and cross-analysis was conducted in the SPSS package method to objectify the analysis results. The results of the study found that the causes of domestic violence were related to the absence of family conversation, unreasonable family rules, and acts of suppressing family health. Therefore, companion counseling is expected to contribute to the improvement of dysfunctional family culture by protecting family members from the threat of domestic violence and restoring family dialogue, family rules, and family health, which are essential requirements for family maintenance. Based on this, policy implications were discussed and follow-up studies were proposed.

Background: Domestic violence against women is widely recognized as important public health problem, owing to its substantial consequences for women’s physical, mental and reproductive health. This study tried to assess the frequency and patterns of domestic violence against women experienced by attendees of Domestic Violence counselling centre Department of Psychiatry, MY Hospital, Indore. Aims & Objective: To study the nature and causes of domestic violence. Material and Methods: Cross sectional study using a pre designed pre tested semi structured questionnaire was carried out and the data were analyzed using MS excel. Results: Most common type of domestic violence faced is physical (80%) followed by mental (8%), social (8%) and sexual (4%). Monetary issues (26%) and alcoholism (22%) are the two most important causes of domestic violence, other causes being extra marital affair (6%), Family conflicts (6%) and dowry (6%). 64% victims were either illiterate or primary pass; 34% were skilled workers; 56% victims had their per capita income between ` 980 and 2935; 76% had their modified Kuppuswami score between 5-10. 56% victims face domestic violence daily. Conclusion: Monetary problems, alcoholism, illiteracy, extramarital affairs and dowry are the major causes of domestic violence. The victims most commonly face physical violence by their partners daily. There is an urgent need of more and more domestic violence counseling centers throughout the country.

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the causes of gender-based domestic violence, particularly focusing on how increased unemployment due to migration and displacement contributes to such violence. It also sought to understand the effects of this violence on the victims’ lives, emphasizing the need to address underlying gender dynamics within refugee communities. Methodology: The research was conducted among informal leaders of the Sudanese male community, who are UNHCR asylum seekers residing in Cairo’s Ard El Lewa neighborhood of Giza. Twelve individuals were selected for two focus group discussions; nine participants had been registered for periods ranging from three to thirteen years and spoke Arabic and other Sudanese languages. Data collection involved a comprehensive questionnaire and a qualitative approach to explore the unnoticed and unreported causes of domestic violence. Findings: The findings highlighted that excessive unemployment among refugee men significantly contributes to domestic violence, serving as a "trigger point" for violent situations at home. The study also identified an increase in violence due to reduced activity levels and psychological issues, which negatively affect emotional health. The results underscored the importance of understanding cultural and gender-specific factors influencing violence within this community. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of gender-based violence by emphasizing the role of economic and psychological stressors in refugee contexts. Practically, it recommends establishing ongoing discussions within the male refugee community either in single sex groups or demographically sensitive formations to clarify concepts of violence and identify culturally appropriate support services. Policy wise, there is a need for broader awareness and intervention strategies that address the latent gender dimensions of violence, promoting culturally sensitive approaches to prevent and respond to GBV among refugee populations.

Domestic violence has often caused agony to many people, and a lot has been written proposing solutions to this vice. Restoring hope among people who have been affected by domestic violence in Secondary schools in Bushenyi District necessitates concerted effort and adopting ways that help to relieve the affected people of stress resulting from their experience with domestic violence. The current study focused on how bird symbol narratives can be used as sources of inspiration for therapeutic paintings articulating lived experiences relating to ever-increasing causes of domestic violence among various families in the Bushenyi district. A qualitative approach was employed, involving in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 50 participants drawn from diverse community segments, including elders, parents, teachers, and youth. Findings indicate that a bird symbol was successfully used to express causes of domestic violence based on themes such as Disrespect, Quarrelsomeness, Child neglect and Gossiping. The following objective guided the study: To identify ways in which bird symbols can be used as a source of inspiration for painterly narratives articulating causes of domestic violence. These metaphors served as powerful communicative tools that helped victims of domestic violence to relax, gain hope and lessen anxiety. The study demonstrates that metaphoric language rooted in local fauna provides valuable insights into community perceptions and can inform culturally sensitive intervention strategies. Overall, the research underscores the significance of leveraging indigenous metaphors to better understand and address causes of familial violence within the cultural context of Bushenyi District.

All societal and economic strata are negatively impacted by the problem of domestic violence. Although the government of Bangladesh is making efforts to address the problem of domestic violence, the nation is ranked fourth worldwide for violence against women. Thus, the purpose of this study is to explore the pattern and causes of domestic violence against rural educated and uneducated women in Bagerhat district of Bangladesh. In this study, district and upazila were selected purposively whereas union, village and respondents were selected using simple random sampling technique. Using random sample procedures, a total of 100 rural women were chosen. The data was analyzed using tabular, graphical, and descriptive statistics. It is found from the socioeconomic analysis of the study that the mean age of the rural women in the study area is 29.05 years. In terms of educational status, it is seen that 13% respondents had primary education while 19% had secondary education with the average years of schooling of women is 6.23 years. It is observed that 35% women were housewife, 15% were NGO worker and10% health worker. Findings of the study reveal that husband was the main culprit for committing domestic violence against women in 64% cases while sister-in-law are responsible for committing violence in 16% cases. Findings of the study indicate that 28% educated women experienced physical violence whereas 78% uneducated women experienced physical violence in their life. In case of women affected by psychological violence, it is seen that 58% educated women affected by psychological violence while 64% uneducated women affected by physical torture violence. In terms of women affected by economic violence, it is seen that uneducated women (86%) are more affected than educated women (42%). Result of the study shows that 38% educated women and 56% uneducated women believe that poverty is responsible for committing domestic violence against women. Considering media violence as a cause of domestic violence, it is observed that 56% educated women and 55% uneducated women believe media violence is responsible for domestic violence against women. In addition, 57% educated women and 59% uneducated women believe that marital conflict is a main factor which are contributing domestic violence against women.

BackgroundDomestic violence against women is the most pervasive human rights violation in the world today. According to UNiTE to End Violence against Women (2009) by UN Women, In the United States, one-third of women murdered each year are killed by intimate partners. In South Africa, a woman is killed every 6 hours by an intimate partner.The ObjectiveTo assess the magnitude and causes of domestic violence with mental illness & normal women.Material & MethodsThe sample of study comprised of 50 women with mental illness and 50 normal women. Mental illness patients diagnosed according to with Axis one psychiatric Disorder DSM IV-TR, who were selected from the Psychiatry OPD and ward of the S.S. Hospital, BHU and normal women were be selected from the accompany with patients of Sir Sunder Lal Hospital. The patients were assessed on the structured questionnaire on Domestic Violence.ResultsThe domestic violence present in married women with mental illness was 72% and normal women were 36%. Perceived causes of domestic violence in married women with mental illness were more compared to those with normal women. The health care personnel should be given an opportunity to update their knowledge regarding domestic violence and there is need education for domestic violence and cessation, so that they can help the women to protect/prevent domestic violence.

Budaka is one of the 146 districts in Uganda experiencing domestic violence (DV) with 5016 cases, recorded in 2020. This was a significant number with obvious development repercussions despite relevant regulations, prohibiting the vice. The purpose of this study is to determine the nature and causes of domestic violence in Budaka district, development implications, and then suggest a course of action. A mixed-methods approach that included desk review and interviews to obtain quantitative and qualitative data, respectively was used. Domestic violence affects people of all ages, education levels, income levels, social standing, and religions, and manifests itself in form of physical, economic, sexual, political, religious, cultural and psychological. Poverty, culture, ethical and moral failure, biological vulnerability of women, and difficulties in obtaining evidence are the causes of domestic violence with far-reaching economic, political, and social development implications in Budaka district. In conclusion, domestic violence exists in Budaka district as a social construct with enormous developmental ramifications. The study recommends deconstruction through adopting Uganda's National Gender Policy of 2007, gender mainstreaming in the district, enacting by-laws, gender monitoring and evaluation, and strengthening Mifuni NGO in the fight against domestic violence

This traditional practice affecting not only the reproductive health of young girls but it is a major cause of domestic violence as well. This issue has been calling the care of national and international organizations in modern societies, containing Pakistan. Numerous issues which support this belief include poverty, lake of education, the perception of “virginity” of a single girl as key to a family’s honor, family building (whether joint family or nuclear family), spiritual clarification of being an adult, and short employment opportunities consequence in whole necessity of these girls on their manlike blood relatives. However, the present literature review revealed that there is no comprehensive study on child marriages and its impact on girls’ reproductive health common in Pakistan. The objectives of the present study were to study the causes of early marriages, domestic violence, and reproductive health problems as well as evaluate socio-economic features on this practice. Orangi Town then the oldest slum settlement of Karachi city was treated as the research universe in the present study while it’s UC-12 ‘Mujahidabad’ and UC-13 ‘Baloch Goth’ was the target areas. This research was a qualitative study where the researchers selected the mixed-method strategy for data collection. The snowball sampling and convenience sampling techniques were adopted. A tailor-made Questionnaire was used for data collection. The data was analyzed in tabular form and relevant case studies were also incorporated.

The objective of this study is to evaluate and elucidate the impact of domestic violence on the health and pregnancy outcomes of women. Data were extracted from literature through the MEDLINE database for years 2000–2011. Domestic violence occurs in every society, irrespective of class, creed, religion and country. Women attending antenatal clinics in Delhi reported experience of 26.9% physical, 29% mental and 6.2% sexual abuse, irrespective of their age. The spouse was the perpetrator of abuse in 47% cases and his family members were responsible for 31%. Pregnant women were hit by their husbands on the back and abdomen, sometimes repeatedly, besides psychological abuse. Incidence of domestic violence was more when the male spouse was less educated or in the habit of consuming alcohol, opium or tobacco. Illiteracy, poverty, family status and uncaring attitude of community about spousal violence were the causes of domestic violence. Women having experience of violence were less likely to receive antenatal care or home visits by health workers and had a risk of perinatal and neonatal mortality of 2.59 and 2.37 times higher, respectively, than women having no violence during pregnancy. The survey indicated that 4.5% of abused women required hospitalisation and 3.8% needed medical care. Women's education, economic autonomy and empowerment may reduce the incidence of domestic violence among Indian women.

Domestic Violence Against Women’s in India A Study

Myths and misconceptions about the causes of domestic violence against women constitute major obstacles to combating it. Understanding what causes a social problem is the first step toward introducing policy measures and developing a prevention and response mechanism to address and mitigate its occurrence and impact. This article is based on a study conducted by the Doha International Family Institute (DIFI) on “Domestic Violence against Women in Qatar”, which adopted the methodology of an analytical desk review of secondary sources on domestic violence in Qatar, from 2020 to 2021. The article investigates the causes of “domestic violence”, as explained by the current theories that constitute the knowledge base for this subject. Due to the importance of this matter for policy-making, the main objective of such exploration has been to uncover myths and refute the common misconceptions and information that tried to explain the root causes of domestic violence. The study showed that all of these theories are tainted by defects and flaws; to address their shortcomings, the “Power and Control Wheel Theory” was presented, which clarified that the act of violence and harm is an “intended act”. Within this context, this article argues that root causes of violence are not attributed to mental illness, drug or alcohol abuse, or poverty; neither are they ascribed to "loss of control" or “anger management” issues. Violence is seen as an integral part of a systematic pattern of deliberate behavior aimed at initiating and maintaining “power and control” over the victim. Further to that, the article shows how myths and misconceptions impact policy-making, suggesting that prevention and intervention efforts on this subject should be guided by notions that emphasize the “intentionality” of domestic violence in order to increase women’s safety and hold perpetrators accountable for their actions.