Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify a potentiality factor that is a preventive factor for decline in cognitive function. Additionally, this study pursues to clarify the causal relationship between the each potential factor and its influence on cognitive function. Subjects were 366 elderly community residents (mean age 73.7 ± 6.4, male 51, female 315) who participated in the Taketoyo Project from 2007 to 2011. Factor analysis was conducted to identify groupings within mental, social, life, physical and cognitive functions. In order to detect clusters of 14 variables, the item scores were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis. We performed Structural Equation Modeling analysis to calculate the standardization coefficient and correlation coefficient for every factor. The cause and effect hypothesis model was used to gather two intervention theory hypotheses for dementia prevention (direct effect, indirect effect) in one system. Finally, we performed another Structural Equation Modeling analysis to calculate the standardization of the cause and effect hypothesis model. Social participation was found to be activated by the improvement of four factors, and in turn, activated “Social participation” acted on cognitive function.
Highlights
The lifestyle factors necessary to maintain “brain health” are classified into “mental activity”, “social actions”, and “physical activity” and are considered to be necessary to prevent dementia [1]
If a causal relationship between cognitive function and a specific dementia prevention factor can be identified by such analysis, that factor can be considered important in explaining the protective efficacy of certain activities and in more thoroughly understanding dementia
Among the “OGENKI-check” items used in this research, those questions corresponding to the following factors were selected as influencing factors for the prevention of cognitive function: mental, social, life, physical and cognitive functions, which were categorized as influencing factors for prevention of cognitive function in the review by Stuck et al [10]
Summary
The lifestyle factors necessary to maintain “brain health” are classified into “mental activity”, “social actions”, and “physical activity” and are considered to be necessary to prevent dementia [1]. Several studies have suggested the protective effects of social, leisure, or physical activities in preventing dementia [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Complex factors that influence cognitive function directly in dementia preventive programs may have an indirect effect. The Factors Influencing Cognitive Function in Elderly People in Japan determine which factors influence dementia prevention directly and which factors have an indirect influence. Complex activities (mental, social and physical activities) possess a dementia prevention effect that cannot be identified. If a causal relationship between cognitive function and a specific dementia prevention factor can be identified by such analysis, that factor can be considered important in explaining the protective efficacy of certain activities and in more thoroughly understanding dementia
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