Abstract
A review on the analysis of the most important ceramic materials and their basic substances is given. The importance of minor and trace elements in the bulk as well as their distribution on the microscale in both classes of substances is discussed by the example of Al2O3, AlN, TiO2, Si3N4, SiO2, SiC, Y2O3, ZrO2-based and some other ceramics and of their basic substances. The state-of-the-art and trends of development in modern atomic spectrometric methods for bulk analysis of the basic substances subsequent to sample dissolution, such as plasma emission and mass spectrometry, but also of direct methods such as slurry nebulization for plasma spectrometry, inorganic mass spectrometry and X-ray spectrometry are discussed. Further, first approaches for the in-depth analysis of powders and trends in direct methods for compact ceramics based on laser evaporation as well as on electron and ion probe techniques are presented. The latter are illustrated with selected examples from the literature.
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